“大仓文库”文津阁《四库全书》本《南巡盛典》纸张的综合科学分析  

Comprehensive scientific analysis on the paper used for the Wenjin Pavilion’s Siku Quanshu version of Nanxun Shengdian from the“Okura Collection”

作　　者：吕淑贤[1] 钟迪 易晓辉[2] 康葆强[3] 陈明星[4] 潘伟[4] LYU Shuxian;ZHONG Di;YI Xiaohui;KANG Baoqiang;CHEN Mingxing;PAN Wei(Peking University Library,Beijing 100871,China;National Library of China,Beijing 100034,China;The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Analytical Instrumentation Center,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学图书馆,北京100871 [2]中国国家图书馆,北京100034 [3]故宫博物院,北京100009 [4]北京大学分析测试中心,北京100871

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第1期50-61,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：《四库全书》是中华民族乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产,具有极其重要的文献价值和文物价值。其书写用纸在清宫档案中有明确记载,但迄今为止尚未有人对实物样本进行过科学分析。本研究以北京大学图书馆藏“大仓文库”文津阁《四库全书》本《南巡盛典》为样品,使用光学显微分析(OM)、纤维染色分析、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、显微计算机断层扫描分析(micro-CT)、微区X射线衍射分析(micro-XRD)以及衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(ATR-FTIR)等多种科学检测手段进行了综合分析。结果显示:该纸样正反两面微观形貌相同,纤维间均有白色颗粒状填料物质;纸张为单层,填料物质不规则分布于纸张内部;纸张纤维组分为大量檀皮和少量稻草;表面主要元素为C、O、Si、S和Ca;填料物质的主要成分为生石膏,推测其有可能为纸浆内添加或由纸内碳酸钙转化而来。基于上述分析结果可确认“大仓文库”文津阁《四库全书》本《南巡盛典》所用纸张为表面及内部无规律分布有生石膏的檀皮-稻草混料单层宣纸,进而从实物角度确切证明了文献中的“金线榜纸”为宣纸。Siku Quanshu is the largest cultural project in ancient China and also belongs to the precious cultural heritage of all mankind,having important literary and cultural relic value.The paper used for its writing was clearly recorded in the Qing Palace archives,but so far no one has analyzed the real paper samples using scientific methods.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis on a paper sample from the Wenjin Pavilion’s Siku Quanshu version of Nanxun Shengdian from the“Okura Collection”of Peking University Library,using various scientific methods.These included optical microscopy(OM),fiber dyeing analysis,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),micro computed tomography(micro-CT),micro X-ray diffraction(micro-XRD),and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(ATR-FTIR).The aim of this study is to explore the morphology,fiber composition,chemical composition,and structure of this Siku Quanshu paper sample in order to confirm the type of paper and explore its processing techniques,which could reveal the scientific value of the paper and lay a foundation for the better preservation of these books.In addition,the famous“Jinxian Bangzhi”in Chinese papermaking history was also explored.The results of OM and SEM show that both sides of the paper were the same in microstructure,and there were white granular filler materials between the fibers.The result of micro-CT show that the paper had a single layer and the filler material was irregularly distributed inside the paper rather than just aggregated on its surface.Through the fiber analysis,it could be confirmed that the fiber composition of the paper was wingceltis bark and rice straw fibers,thus proving that the paper sample belonged to Xuan paper.According to the SEM-EDS result,the main elemental components of the paper were C,O,Si,S and Ca,and the distribution of S and Ca had a high consistency with the filler area,indicating that S and Ca might be the main elements of the filler.By using

关 键 词：大仓文库 四库全书 南巡盛典 金线榜纸 宣纸 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]