海曲汉墓漆纱工艺及物料探源  

Lacquered gauze excavated from the Haiqu Han Tombs and its material culture and lacquer crafts

作　　者：徐军平 王鉴兰 刘靓 吴双成 XU Junping;WANG Jianlan;LIU Liang;WU Shuangcheng(Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Conservation,Restoration and Identification Center,Jinan 250100,China;Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts,Shanghai 201620,China;Boston University,Boston 02215,USA;National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省文物保护修复与鉴定中心,山东济南250100 [2]广西民族大学,广西南宁530006 [3]上海视觉艺术学院,上海201620 [4]波士顿大学,美国波士顿02215 [5]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013 [6]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第1期72-83,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目资助(51803123)。

摘　　要：日照海曲汉墓出土的漆纱残片是目前已报道的山东地区考古发掘出土较为罕见的汉代织物遗存,也是整个山东地区较早期的珍贵丝织品实物资料。髹漆是中国优秀传统工艺之一,亦是中国古代流行的一种独特的织物整理技术。汉代在冠和履的制作过程中,使用漆的涂层,实现了现代织物整理类似的目的,即功能改性纺织品:使丝织品达到硬挺、坚牢和防水的目的。通过超景深显微观察、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜—能谱分析、激光拉曼光谱分析等检测方法对黑色网状结构残片材料进行分析研究,从而推断发掘出土的网状结构为:内部芯线为蚕丝,外部为髹饰大漆。大漆涂料中加入了朱砂等作为显色成分。特别根据激光拉曼光谱数据等分析,发现在漆纱工艺中存在钠长石作为漆灰添加剂的情况。通过对海曲地区所在胶东半岛的贝丘遗址分布进一步了解,研究大胆猜测并验证了漆纱的漆灰成分有可能源自对贝丘遗址的贝类遗存的利用,并为追溯人类早期对海洋自然资源利用及海洋地域考古、早期工艺物料的来源提供参考价值。The archaeological fabric fragments excavated from the Haiqu Han Tombs in Rizhao are invaluable Han Dynasty items of textile heritage in Shandong,and also precious physical materials of earlier age silk fabrics throughout the entire Shandong region.The lacquering technique is one of the extraordinary traditional crafts in China and is also a unique and prevalent fabric finishing technique in ancient times.In the Han Dynasties,lacquering was often used in the process of making crowns and shoes in order to achieve an equivalent purpose as the modern finishing technique,that is,to functionally modify textiles,to make silk fabrics stiff,firm and waterproof.The black network-structure fragments were investigated using several analytical methods such as ultra depth-of-field microscopic observation,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrometry,and laser Raman spectrometry.The excavated fragment materials were thus identified as follows:the inner core yarn was mulberry silk,with lacquer decorated outside.Cinnabar,etc.were also added to the lacquer part as color components.Specifically,according to the Raman spectrometric result,albite was present as one of the additives into the lacquer ash layer.Based on the distribution of shell midden sites in the Jiaodong Peninsula,where the Haiqu Han Tombs are located,we speculated that some components of the lacquer ash layer in the lacquered gauze might come from the use of shell in the rich remains of shell midden sites.Although relevant research has currently been less developed in the field of marine archaeology and marine regional archaeology,this study provides unique value in tracing the usage of natural materials and exploring regional crafts in the early period of human beings.

关 键 词：织物 髹漆 漆灰添加剂 涂层 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]