秦兵马俑陶片物理力学性能研究  

Research on the physical and mechanical properties of Qin Terracotta Warrior fragments

作　　者：马伯涛 马生涛 李皇 陈新[3] 刘金泰 MA Botao;MA Shengtao;LI Huang;CHEN Xin;LIU Jintai(China Aviation Planning and Design Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China;Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,Xi’an 710600,China;State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司,北京100120 [2]秦始皇帝陵博物院,陕西西安710600 [3]隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室[中国矿业大学(北京)],北京100083

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第1期91-101,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：为研究秦兵马俑的物理力学性能,将武士俑战袍部位较为完整的若干残片制成试件,对其开展了系统的微观和宏观试验研究。通过X射线衍射试验、压汞试验和扫描电子显微镜技术,观测了陶片的微观形貌并测定了陶片的矿物成分和孔结构参数;发现陶片具有斑状结构,基质矿物为伊利石,斑晶矿物为钾长石(或钠长石)、斜长石、黄铁矿和石英;含有大量微孔隙且孔隙率较高。通过波速、单轴压缩、巴西劈裂和直剪试验,测定了陶片的力学参数,包括横波和纵波波速、动弹性模量和动泊松比、弹性模量、单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗剪强度参数(粘聚力和内摩擦角);陶片的变形和破坏具有岩石等准脆性材料的典型特征,单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度分别为17.88 MPa和3.43 MPa,压拉强度比为5.21,密度、横波与纵波波速都与砾岩较为接近。与灰色试件相比,褐色试件的较为致密、弹性模量和单轴抗压强度也较高。本试验研究成果可为秦兵马俑的整体安全性、稳定性和防震性能定量研究提供基础性数据。To investigate the physical and mechanical properties of Qin Terracotta Warriors,we took specimens from some intact fragments of a terracotta warrior’s robe and carried out systematic microscopic and macroscopic tests on them.Using X-ray diffraction,mercury intrusion and scanning electron microscopy,the microscopic morphology of the surface was observed,and the pore structure parameters and mineral contents were determined.It was found that the specimens had a porphyritic texture,the mineral of the ground mass was illite(hydromica)and the minerals of phenocryst included potassium feldspar(or albite),plagioclase,pyrite and quartz,and many micropores were contained and the porosity was very high.Through the wave velocity,uniaxial compression,Brazilian and direct shear tests,the mechanical properties were obtained,including longitudinal and transverse wave velocities,dynamic elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio,Young’s modulus,uniaxial compression strength,tensile strength and shear strength parameters(cohesion and internal friction angle).The deformation and failure modes of the specimens revealed that Qin Terracotta Warrior fragments were typical quasi-brittle materials with the ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength being 5.21,and their density,longitudinal or transverse wave velocities were very close to those of conglomerate.Compared with the gray specimens,the brown specimens were denser,and their Young’s modulus and uniaxial compression strength were much higher.The results could provide basic data for the detailed quantitative research on the overall structural safety,stability and seismic protection of Qin Terracotta Warriors.

关 键 词：秦兵马俑陶片 物理力学性能 矿物成分 孔结构 抗剪强度 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TQ134[历史地理—历史学]