从考古遗址“岩图”探讨中国艺术起源--以柿子滩“岩图”为例  

An exploration of the origins of Chinese art through ancient rock paintings:a case study of Shizitan archaeological site

作　　者：李倍雷[1] LI Bei-lei

机构地区：[1]东南大学艺术学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期115-123,152,共10页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家哲社科基金重点课题“二十六史《艺术传》体系及相关问题研究”(19AZS001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对于山西临汾吉县柿子滩遗址发现的“岩图”,学界有不同观点与阐释。其中一种观点认为该图“人神”是曲肘双手举杆,表示“立杆测影”,否定了“生殖崇拜”等说法。这个思路无疑是合理的阐释。为此,在此基础上进一步推论,图像顶部七个弧形圆点应为“北斗七星”,隐含“盖天”与“北斗”。又因天之数为七为“乾”,“人神”上半身涂实,亦属“阳”,地上六个圆点形成的“倒梯形”,为“观象台”“测影台”或望月“坎”,地之数为六,是为“阴”为“坤”,“人神”下半身(腿部)描空,为“虚”,故整个“岩图”构成天地阴阳的宇宙概念。天地、阴阳交会于“人神”,乃构成天、地、人的宇宙关系,图中“人神”应为观测天象的“天官”,故可称“天官图”。文明与艺术起源于古代天文,足见“二十六史”《艺术列传》把精通天文、《易经》的人列入其传,是有依据的,也显示了中国艺术的本元内涵。Among the various interpretations of rock paintings discovered at the Shizitan in Jixian County,Linfen,Shanxi,a viewpoint suggests that the“human-god”with elbowed arms raised to hold a pole indicates“shadow-to-pole measurement,”thereby refuting the opinions related to“fertility worship.”This is undoubtedly a valid interpretation.Building on this foundation,it can be further posited that the seven arch-like dots at the top of the image represent the“Big Dipper,”implying a connection to“heaven”and the“North Dipper.”Given that the number seven in celestial terms corresponds to“Qian”(heaven),and because the upper body of the“human-god”is filled in,it is categorized as“yang”(masculine);conversely,the six dots on the ground form an“inverted trapezoid,”which could be interpreted as an“observatory,”“shadow measurement platform,”or“moon-watching landmarks.”They may correspond to the number six,representing“yin”(feminine)and“Kun”(earth).The lower body(legs)of the“human-god”is rendered empty,symbolizing“emptiness.”The entire rock painting thus constitutes a cosmic concept of heaven and earth,yin and yang.The intersection of heaven,earth,and yin-yang within the“human-god”establishes a cosmic relationship among heaven,earth,and humanity.The“human-god”is an“astronomical official”engaged in the observation of celestial phenomena.For this reason,this painting can be referred to as the“Painting of the Heavenly Official.”This connection between civilization and art with ancient astronomy aligns with the inclusion of those well-versed in astronomy and the“Book of Changes”in the“Art Biographies”of the“Twenty-Six Histories.”This underscores the foundational significance of astronomy in the essence of Chinese art.

关 键 词：艺术起源 柿子滩岩图 北斗七星 天官图 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]