重载列车紧急制动过程踏面轮廓变化定量预测  

Quantitative Prediction of Tread Profile Variations during Emergency Braking of Heavy Duty Trains

作　　者：宋剑锋 时迎港 黄伟建 赵琰淞 董永刚 SONG Jianfeng;SHI Yinggang;HUANG Weijian;ZHAO Yansong;DONG Yonggang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu,Jiangsu,215500;Silk Making Workshop,Jinan Cigarette Factory,Jinan,250000;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei,066044)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院机械工程学院,常熟215500 [2]济南卷烟厂制丝车间,济南250000 [3]燕山大学机械工程学院,秦皇岛066044

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2025年第2期369-379,共11页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51875501);2019年河北省留学回国人员资助(优秀类)项目(C20190515)。

摘　　要：为了定量预测车轮踏面轮廓形貌变化,利用ABAQUS软件完成热机械耦合有限元仿真,求解制动过程中的踏面瞬态温度分布、硬度分布以及热弹、塑性应变;基于Archard磨损模型,利用Fortran语言对ABAQUS子程序进行二次开发,在此基础上采用ALE技术和Umeshmotion子程序求解有限元模型中车轮踏面的磨损深度动态变化。最后综合塑性变形和磨耗的影响,得到冷却至室温后踏面形貌的变化。结果表明:由于踏面塑性变形和轮轨磨损影响轮瓦接触状态,轮瓦磨损和轮轨磨损综合作用下磨损区域呈台阶状;在轴重25 t、初速度100 km/h、制动距离600 m的工况下,由于塑性变形和轮轨磨损的综合作用,轮轨接触斑中心最大凹陷深度约16μm,轮轨接触斑边缘凸起约5μm。In order to quantitatively predict the changes of wheel tread profile,ABAQUS software was used to complete thermal-mechanical coupling finite element simulation to solve the transient temperature distribution,hardness distribution,thermoelastic and plastic strain of tread during braking.Based on Archard wear model,the ABAQUS subprogram was developed using Fortran language.Then,ALE technology and Umeshmotion subprogram were used to solve the dynamic change of wheel tread wear depth in the finite element model.Finally,the influences of plastic deformations and wear were combined to obtain the changes of tread morphology after cooling to room temperature.The results show that the contact states of wheel and rail are affected by the plastic deformations of tread and wheel and rail wear.Under the combined actions of wheel and rail wear,the wear area is like a step.Under the conditions of axle load of 25 t,initial speed of 100 km/h and braking distance of 600 m,the maximum depression depth of wheel-rail contact spot center is about 16μm and the edge of wheel-rail contact spot is as about 5μm due to the comprehensive effects of plastic deformation and wheel-rail wear.

关 键 词：紧急制动 热机械耦合 塑性变形 磨损深度 

分 类 号：U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]