中药挥发油化学成分和抗抑郁作用机制研究进展  

Research progress on the chemical composition and antidepressant mechanism of volatile oils of traditional Chinese medicine

作　　者：张一飞 程露 任明诗 郭焘 匡凤姣 康宗华 罗建光[1] 吴斐华[1] ZHANG Yifei;CHENG Lu;REN Mingshi;GUO Tao;KUANG Fengjiao;KANG Zonghua;LUO Jianguang;WU Feihua(School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198;Hainan Huachuang Betel Nut Research Institute,Haikou 570208,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学中药学院,南京211198 [2]海南华创槟榔研究院,海口570208

出　　处：《中国药科大学学报》2025年第1期22-30,共9页Journal of China Pharmaceutical University

摘　　要：抑郁症是一种由多种复杂原因引起的患者情绪低落和认知功能障碍的精神疾病。临床上抗抑郁药具有良好的短期疗效,但长期服用存在较多不良反应以及耐药性等问题。挥发油是以单萜和倍半萜为主的小分子化合物,大多具有芳香气味、易于透过血脑屏障和不良反应小的特点。中药挥发油通过调节神经单胺递质、下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴、脑源性神经营养因子、神经炎症和氧化应激、肠道菌群—肠—脑轴等机制,多途径多靶点发挥抗抑郁作用。本文总结中药挥发油抗抑郁主要化学成分、药理作用机制及临床应用,旨在为中药挥发油的进一步开发和临床应用提供参考。Depressive disorder is a mental illness characterized by poor mood and cognitive dysfunction caused by a range of complicated factors.Antidepressants have strong short-term efficacy in clinical application,yet with significant adverse effects and resistance in long-term use.Essential oils are small molecular compounds mainly composed of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes,most of which are characterized by aromatic odors,easy permeability through the blood-brain barrier,and low toxic side effects.Volatile oil from traditional Chinese medicine can regulate neurotransmitter monoamine,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis to exert an antidepressant effect through multiple pathways and targets.This review summarizes the main antidepressant chemical components of essential oil of traditional Chinese medicine,their pharmacological mechanisms and clinical application,aiming to provide some reference for further development and clinical application of essential oil of traditional Chinese medicine.

关 键 词：挥发油 抗抑郁 活性成分 作用机制 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学] R964[医药卫生—中医学]