我国优秀中短距离游泳运动员基础体能评价指标体系的构建与标准的建立  

Construction of Basic Physical Fitness Evaluation Index System and Standard Establishment of Excellent Medium and Short Distance Swimmers in China

作　　者：廖婷[1,2] 师建伟 王明波 闫琪 LIAO Ting;SHI Jianwei;WANG Mingbo;YAN Qi(School of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;Aquatic Rehabilitation and Fitness Research Center,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;China Inst.of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院水中康复与健身研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2025年第2期69-78,共10页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家体育总局游泳运动管理中心购买科技服务项目(委22-27);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJC890014);湖北省高校优秀中青年科技创新团队资助项目(T2022036)。

摘　　要：目的:构建游泳项目基础体能的评价指标体系与评分标准,为我国游泳运动员开展基础体能训练提供参考。方法:采用德尔菲法构建我国中短距离游泳运动员基础体能评价指标体系,并计算各指标权重;采用测试法收集我国国家游泳队运动员相关指标数据,应用百分位数法与累进计分法建立我国优秀中短距离游泳运动员的基础体能测试评价标准;并绘制ROC曲线探究基础体能评价标准总评分与运动员效率状态的关联性。结果:(1)基于国家游泳队现实基础及相关专家意见,构建了符合我国优秀中短距离游泳运动员现状的基础体能评价指标体系,包括4个一级指标、10个二级指标、10个三级指标。(2)根据对47名国家游泳队运动员进行为期近一年的体能测试,结合不同专项,制定了各单项指标评分标准及综合等级评分标准,评价标准经回代检验结果客观有效。(3)ROC曲线下面积为0.792(95%CI 0.609~0.916,P=0.001),表明该评价标准模型具有一定的预测能力。结论:我国优秀中短距离游泳运动员的基础体能评价指标体系具有可操作性和实用性,评价标准为我国优秀中短距离游泳运动员基础体能训练提供了重要的导向和参考价值。同时,评价标准模型对于优秀中短距离游泳运动员的竞技表现,显示出一定的预测价值。The objective was to construct an evaluation index system and scoring standards for basic physical fitness in swimming events,and provide references for swimmers to carry out basic physical fitness training.Delphi method was adopted to construct a basic physical fitness evaluation index system for short distance swimmers in swimming events,and to calculate the weights of each index.Testing methods were used to collect relevant indicator data of the Chinese national swimming training team athletes.Percentile and progressive scoring methods were applied to establish basic physical fitness testing evaluation standards for excellent the Chinese short and medium distance swimmers and to reveal the correlation between the total score of basic physical fitness evaluation criteria and the efficiency status of athletes by drawing ROC curves.The results showed that:①based on the practical foundation of the national swimming training team and relevant expert opinions,a basic physical fitness evaluation index system in line with the current situation of excellent short and medium distance swimmers in China was constructed,including 4 primary indicators,10 secondary indicators,and 10 tertiary indicators Based on a physical fitness test conducted on 47 athletes from the national swimming training team for nearly a year,combined with different specialties,various individual indicator scoring standards and comprehensive level scoring standards were formulated.The evaluation standards were objectively and effectively verified through retrospective testing.The area under the ROC curve was 0.792(95%CI 0.609~0.916,P=0.001),indicating that the evaluation standard model had certain predictive ability.It could be concluded that the basic physical fitness evaluation index system for excellent Chinese short and medium distance swimmers had operability and practicality.The basic physical fitness evaluation index system for excellent short and medium distance swimmers in China was operable and practical,and the evaluation criteria provid

关 键 词：游泳运动员 体能测试 评价指标体系 评分标准 德尔菲法 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]