新制度经济学视角下盈余分配对合作社绿色转型的影响  

Study on the Influence of Surplus Distribution on the Green Transformation of Cooperatives from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

作　　者：朱鹏 郑军[1] 李全海[2] ZHU Peng;ZHENG Jun;LI Quan-hai(School of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Academic Affairs Office,Shandong University of Management,Jinan 250300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东管理学院教务处,山东济南250300

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期86-100,共15页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BGL160)。

摘　　要：新制度经济学主张制度变迁是技术创新与扩散的关键诱因,而盈余分配作为合作社制度建设的核心构件,是否是合作社绿色转型的重要前提犹未可知。基于山东和河南两省1081位合作社社员的微观数据,利用倾向得分匹配等计量模型,实证考察合作社盈余分配制度对社员绿色生产的影响。研究发现:合作社建立盈余分配制度对社员绿色生产有显著正向影响,经过稳健性与内生性检验后结论依然成立。机制分析表明,盈余分配制度发挥作用的深层核心在于实现了剩余收益控制权和索取权的合理搭配,并借助公共积累机制和惠顾激励机制影响社员绿色生产。异质性分析表明,核心社员和积极社员对盈余分配制度的响应强于边缘社员;相较于货币出资,合作社允许非货币出资更能发挥盈余分配制度对社员绿色生产的提升作用。进一步分析发现,盈余分配比例与社员绿色生产呈倒“U”型非线性相关,且理想区间是可支配盈余的七成左右;按股返还虽是当前合作社盈余返还的主流方式,但按“股权+交易额”返还是促进社员绿色生产的更优选择。The new institutional economics argues that institutional change is the key incentive for technological innovation and diffusion,but whether the surplus distribution,as the core component of cooperative system construction,is an important prerequisite for the green transformation of cooperatives remains unknown.Based on micro-data from 1081 cooperative members in Shandong and Henan provinces,this paper empirically examines the influence of the cooperative surplus distribution system on green production using propensity score matching and other econometric models.It is found that the establishment of the surplus distribution system in cooperatives has a significant positive impact on members'green production,and the conclusion remains valid after robustness and endogeneity tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the deep core of the surplus distribution system lies in achieving a reasonable allocation of the right of control and the right of claim over surplus income,and it influences members'green production through public accumulation mechanisms and patronage incentive mechanisms.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that core members and active members are more responsive to the surplus distribution system than marginal members.Compared with monetary contributions,cooperatives that allow non-monetary contributions can better leverage the surplus distribution system to promote members'green production.Further analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between the proportion of surplus distribution and members'green production,with the ideal range being approximately 70%of disposable surplus.Although returning surplus based on shares is currently the mainstream approach in cooperatives,returning surplus based on″equity plus transaction volume″is a superior option for promoting members'green production.

关 键 词：合作社 盈余分配 绿色生产 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济]