金沙江中游圆口铜鱼种群现状及保护建议  

Current situation and protection suggestions of Coreius guichenoti population in middle reaches of Jinsha River

作　　者：陈锋[1] 方艳红[1] 袁婷 熊满堂 黄耿 CHEN Feng;FANG Yanhong;YUAN Ting;XIONG Mantang;HUANG Geng(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of MWR,Institute of Hydroecology of MWR and CAS,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期30-38,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202102)。

摘　　要：为了解金沙江中游圆口铜鱼资源现状,于2022年4、7月和2023年4、6月对金沙江中游的梨园库尾、阿海库尾、金安桥库尾、水洛河江段圆口铜鱼的种群资源进行了调查,并在2023年6~7月对相应江段进行了连续30 d早期资源监测,分析了金沙江中游圆口铜鱼种群结构、产卵场分布和产卵规模。结果表明:①2022~2023年4次渔获物调查共采集到鱼类990尾30种,其中圆口铜鱼112尾,阿海库尾共采集到圆口铜鱼96尾,占采集到的圆口铜鱼总尾数的85.71%,是金沙江中游研究江段最主要的分布区域。②阿海库尾渔获物中圆口铜鱼体重范围108.8~511.5 g,体长范围230~308 mm,年龄分布2+~6+龄,性腺时期Ⅰ~Ⅵ,表明该江段圆口铜鱼种群世代完整,其中体重主要分布在200~300 g和300~400 g,年龄主要为2+~3+龄和4+~5+龄,性腺发育以Ⅲ期为主;2023年梨园库尾、阿海库尾、金安桥库尾圆口铜鱼产卵规模分别为1.99×106,5.46×106粒和1.06×106粒,水洛河未调查到圆口铜鱼卵苗。③阿海库尾和金安桥库尾圆口铜鱼产卵规模占对应江段总繁殖规模的53.69%和79.10%,阿海库尾采集到的圆口铜鱼受精卵及鱼苗径流量最丰富,推测可能是目前唯一种群规模较大并能够自然繁殖的圆口铜鱼栖息地。④针对近年来圆口铜鱼资源量整体呈现出的显著下降趋势,为了保护阿海库尾圆口铜鱼种群资源,提出了加强阿海库尾圆口铜鱼的基础调查和研究工作,开展梨园和阿海梯级水库针对圆口铜鱼繁殖水文过程的生态调度,暂停水洛河捷可水电站建设,加强龙盘水电站建设影响论证等保护建议。研究成果可为开展圆口铜鱼种群保护和恢复提供科学支撑。In this study,the population resources of Coreius guichenoti(C.guichenoti)at the end of Liyuan Reservoir,Ahai Reservoir,Jinanqiao Reservoir and Shuiluohe section in the middle reaches of Jinsha River were investigated in April and July of 2022 and April and June of 2023,and the fish resources of early life history stages were monitored for 30 days at the corresponding monitoring sections in June and July of 2023.The population structure,spawning site distribution and spawning scale of C.guichenoti in the middle reaches of Jinsha River were analyzed.The results showed that:①990 fishes and 30 species were collected in four sections from 2022 to 2023,including 112 individuals of C.guichenoti.96 C.guichenoti individuals were collected from the end of Ahai Reservoir,accounting for 85.71%of the total number.This result indicated that the end of Ahai Reservoir was the most important distribution area of C.guichenoti.②In the end of Ahai Reservoir,the weight of C.guichenoti individuals ranged from 108.8~511.5 g,body length ranged from 230 mm to 308 mm,age ranged from 2+to 6+years,and the gonadal stage ranged fromⅠtoⅥ,indicating that the C.guichenoti population of this section had a complete generation.The weights mainly distributed in 200~300 g and 300~400 g.The age stages were mainly 2+~3+years and 4+~5+years,and the gonadal development was mainly in stageⅢ.In 2023,the total number of eggs of C.guichenoti at the end of Liyuan Reservoir,Ahai Reservoir and Jinanqiao Reservoir were 1.99×106,5.46×106 and 1.06×106,respectively,while no eggs were identified in Shuiluohe section.③The number of spawning eggs of C.guichenoti at the end of Ahai Reservoir and Jinanqiao Reservoir accounted for 53.69%and 79.10%of the total breeding scales in the corresponding river sections.The runoff of eggs and fries were the most abundant at the end of Ahai Reservoir,inferring this area may be the only habitat where the population was large enough to reproduce naturally.④Aiming at the obviously declined trend of the resources of C

关 键 词：圆口铜鱼 种群现状 早期资源 阿海水电站 金沙江中游 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]