国家重点保护淡水鱼类增殖放流现状、问题及建议  

Current situation,problems and suggestions on breeding and release of nationally protected freshwater fish species

作　　者：程睿 张东亚 杨洋 秦天龙 俞伏虎[1,2] 张志明 CHENG Rui;ZHANG Dongya;YANG Yang;QIN Tianlong;YU Fuhu;ZHANG Zhiming(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of MWR,Institute of Hydroecology of MWR and CAS,Wuhan 430079,China;Innovation Team of the Changjiang Water Resources Commission for River and Lake Ecosystem Restoration Key Technology,Wuhan 430079,China;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited,Beijing 100024,China;Aquatic Technology Promotion Guidance Center for Wuhan,Wuhan 430014,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]长江水利委员会流域河湖生态系统修复关键技术创新团队,湖北武汉430079 [3]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024 [4]武汉市水产技术推广指导中心,湖北武汉430014

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期39-48,共10页Yangtze River

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022015)。

摘　　要：为更好地保护水生生物多样性,拯救珍稀濒危保护鱼类,针对《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中淡水鱼类的人工繁育技术研究和增殖放流现状进行了系统梳理和归纳,在此基础上,分析了中国当前增殖放流中存在的问题:①人工繁育技术不成熟;②放流物种不合理,破坏生态平衡;③不科学增殖放流影响种群遗传质量;④增殖放流效果评估不到位。针对性地提出保护建议:①加强人工繁育技术研究,构建放流技术支撑体系;②健全相关法律法规体系,正确引导放流实践;③科学规划、合理布局,提高增殖放流的科学性;④完善增殖放流效果评估,科学确定放流种类及规模。To better protect aquatic biodiversity and save rare and endangered protected fish species in China,a systematic review and induction was conducted on the research and breeding of freshwater fishes in the National Key Protected Wildlife List and the current situation of breeding and release.At the same time,the problems in China′s current breeding and release are analyzed:①Artificial breeding technology is immature;②Unreasonable release of species disrupts ecological balance;③Unscientific breeding and release affects the genetic quality of the population;④Evaluation on breeding and release effect is inadequate.Targeted protection suggestions are proposed:①Strengthening research on artificial breeding technology and establishing a technical support system for release;②Establishing a sound system of relevant laws and regulations,and correctly guiding the practice of release;③Scientific planning and rational layout to improve the scientificity of breeding and release;④Improving the evaluation of breeding and release effects,scientifically determining the types and scale of release.

关 键 词：国家重点保护淡水鱼类 人工繁育 人工放流 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]