长江口潮汐主要分潮振幅时空特征分析  

Temporal-spatial characteristics analysis on major tidal constituent amplitudes at Changjiang River Estuary

作　　者：孙维康 张志林 毕军芳 骆政 刘大伟 SUN Weikang;ZHANG Zhilin;BI Junfang;LUO Zheng;LIU Dawei(Changjiang River Estuary Investigation Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江口水文水资源勘测局,上海200136

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期58-64,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：长江水利委员会水文局科技创新基金项目(SWJ-24CJX16,SWJ-CJX23Z06);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42376185)。

摘　　要：为深入研究长江口潮汐的时空变化特征,特别是天文潮和浅水分潮的振幅变化规律,采用调和分析法和自相关函数法对连兴港、徐六泾等8个水文站2010~2019年的连续潮位资料进行分析。结果表明:各站位M2分潮振幅最大,连兴港站平均振幅显著,为1.357 m;S2分潮振幅次之,与M2分潮平均振幅空间分布基本一致,从河口到上游逐渐减小;从振幅变化趋势来看,M2和S2分潮振幅显著上升,MS4和M4分潮振幅呈下降趋势,K1分潮振幅小幅上升,O1分潮振幅在大多数站位下降,M6分潮振幅在不同站位趋势不一。长江口各站位各分潮振幅时空特征存在显著差异,揭示了长江口潮汐变化的区域性和复杂性。To further investigate the temporal-spatial characteristics of tides at the Changjiang River Estuary,particularly the amplitude variation patterns of astronomical and shallow-water tidal constituents,this paper applied harmonic analysis and autocorrelation function methods to analyze the continuous tidal level data in 2010~2019 from 8 stations,including Lianxinggang and Xuliujing stations,etc.The results indicated that the M2 tidal constituent had the largest amplitude in all stations,and the Lianxinggang Station had the largest average amplitude,which was 1.357 m.The S2 tidal constituent amplitude was the second largest,with a spatial distribution similar to the M2 tidal constituent,gradually decreasing from the estuary to the upstream.There were differences in the tidal period characteristics of each constituent at various stations.In terms of amplitude variation trends,the amplitudes of the M2 and S2 tidal constituents increased significantly in all stations,while those of the MS4 and M4 tidal constituents showed a decreasing trend.The amplitude of the K1 constituent showed a slight increase,the O1 constituent declined in most stations,and the M6 constituent showed varying trends at different stations.The temporal-spatial characteristics of tidal constituents′amplitudes at various stations in the Changjiang River Estuary show significant differences,revealing the regionality and complexity of tidal variations at the estuary.

关 键 词：潮汐 分潮振幅 周期 时空特征 自相关函数 调和分析 长江口 

分 类 号：P229.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P731.23[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]