动水驱动作用下边坡灾变防控研究综述  

Review on prevention and control technology of slope disasters driven by dynamic water

作　　者：张硕 张翰清[1] 张昕 姜彤 吴嘉绪 杨创维 ZHANG Shuo;ZHANG Hanqing;ZHANG Xin;JIANG Tong;WU Jiaxu;YANG Chuangwei(College of Geosciences and Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院,河南郑州450046 [2]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [3]成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期134-143,151,共11页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42107169);河南省青年人才托举工程项目(2024HYTP013);河南省科技攻关项目(252102321004)。

摘　　要：降雨、库水位升降、外界振动等驱动因素造成的坡体失稳被称为动水驱动型边坡灾变。该类灾变随着大规模的基础设施建设而变得越来越突出,迫切需要对其力学响应机制、变形破坏过程及防控技术开展深入研究。从水作用下边坡失稳特征和力学过程出发,着重分析了库水位升降、降雨导致边坡失稳的微观机理,指出降雨等入渗作用下的坡体孔隙间的黏土矿物与可溶盐胶结物不断分解析出,对坡体结构产生促溶效应。进而从长期饱水作用、交通循环荷载以及岩土体介质的微观特征入手,归纳出动水驱动作用下边坡致灾的“六促效应”。在动水驱动致灾机理特征的基础上,对动水驱动下边坡灾变的各类分析方法的适用性及优势进行了总结。最后,对边坡灾变防控技术,包括控水减灾技术、坡面工程防护技术、边坡植被减灾技术3方面的研究现状进行了梳理,揭示了边坡控水减灾技术模式。研究成果对重大工程的建设安全和边坡的监测预警具有重要意义。Slope instability caused by driving factors such as rainfall,reservoir water level fluctuation and external vibration is called hydrodynamic-driven slope disasters.With the development of China′s large-scale transportation engineering construction,this type of disaster has become more and more prominent,and there is an urgent need to conduct a thorough study on the mechanical response mechanism and deformation damage process.Based on the characteristics and mechanical process of slope destabilization under water action,we focus on the analysis of the micro-mechanism of slope destabilization caused by the reservoir water level fluctuation and rainfall,and it is concluded that for slopes subjected to long-term rainfalls and other infiltration,the clay minerals in pores and the soluble salt cement have been constantly decomposed and precipitated,which leads to the effect of dissolution promotion.Then the combination of long-term water saturation,traffic cyclic loading,and the microscopic characteristics of the geotechnical medium are considered to summarize the"six promotional effects"of slope disasters driven by dynamic water action.We review the applicability and advantages of different slope instability analysis methods and control technologies.The geological disaster prevention technologies are summarized,including three aspects of slope water control and disaster reduction,slope surface protection,slope vegetation protection.The results are of great significance to ensuring safe construction of major projects and monitoring and early warning of slopes.

关 键 词：边坡灾变 降水 库水位升降 动水驱动作用 水化学作用 促溶效应 边坡防护技术 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]