基于机载LiDAR的河道断面精细测量及水位提取研究  

River section fine measurement and water level extraction based on airborne LiDAR

作　　者：戴永洪 魏猛 黎鹏 高深 刘林佳 DAI Yonghong;WEI Meng;LI Peng;GAO Shenshen;LIU Linjia(Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Bureau in the Middle Changjiang River,Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江中游水文水资源勘测局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期144-151,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3209502-3)。

摘　　要：长江中游河道断面测量是研究河道演变、支撑长江中下游防洪和综合整治的关键基础工作。与传统的实时动态定位(RTK)和倾斜摄影测量相比,机载LiDAR技术效率高、穿透性较强,可以实现精细的河道断面陆上测量及水位提取。采用机载LiDAR对长江中游河道进行了全面测量,系统分析了LiDAR点云在水位提取及陆上测量中的应用情况,并评估了重要特征点和局部河段断面面积的测量精度。结果表明:在断面水位提取时,点云数据与接测水位高程的较差绝对值在0.1 m以内的断面占比达到76%,陆上断面点云数据的平面位置和高程精度均满足规范要求,且点云与RTK测量的断面面积较差在1%以内,说明机载LiDAR技术能够适应长江中游复杂地形,更加高效、精确地实现河道断面测量及水位监测。River sections measurement in the middle reaches of Changjiang River is a key fundamental work to study the evolution of river channels and to support flood control and comprehensive harnessing works in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Compared with the traditional real-time dynamic positioning(RTK)and inclined photogrammetry,the airborne LiDAR technology is highly efficient and more penetrating,which can realize fine land measurement of the river section and water level extraction.In this study,comprehensive measurements of the middle reaches of the Changjiang River were carried out using airborne LiDAR,the application of LiDAR point cloud in water level extraction and land measurement was systematically analyzed,and the measurement accuracies of the important feature points and the section area of local river sections were evaluated.The results show that when extracting water levels in the section,the percentage of sections with the absolute value of the difference between the point cloud data and the traditional measured water level elevation within 0.1 m reaches 76%.The planar position and elevation accuracy of the point cloud data on land section meet the specification requirements,and the cross-sectional area difference between the point cloud and RTK measurement is within 1%,which shows that the airborne LiDAR technology can adapt to the complex topography in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River,and more efficiently and accurately achieve the river cross-section measurement and water level monitoring.

关 键 词：河道断面精细测量 水位提取 机载激光雷达 点云数据 长江中游 

分 类 号：TV221.1[水利工程—水工结构工程]