“⊥”型引水廊道新结构在底栏栅式渠首上的应用  

Application of new structure of“⊥”type water diversion gallery in bottom-grating canal head

作　　者：张力文 李晓庆[1,2] 王豪杰[1,2] ZHANG Liwen;LI Xiaoqing;WANG Haojie(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Safety and Prevention and Control of Water Disasters in Xinjiang,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期152-157,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A183)。

摘　　要：底栏栅式渠首是新疆粗颗粒山溪性河流引水防沙枢纽的首选类型,但实践运用表明,当引水量超过30 m 3/s时,渠首冲沙有利、工程布置紧凑的优势逐渐丧失,后期运行管理效益大打折扣。为此在保留原有布置优势的情况下,以扩大底栏栅引水流量为目标,提出了“⊥”型廊道新结构及优化布置方案,新结构在原垂直水流方向“—”型廊道结构基础上增设了顺水流方向“|”型廊道(根据流量的大小可布置双排甚至多排“|”型廊道),并结合底栏栅水流动力方程及取水流量计算方法得到了“⊥”型廊道取水流量的计算方法。随后以新疆头屯河渠首为例,在保持原平面布置不变的情况下引入“⊥”型廊道新结构,其引水量可达48.96 m 3/s,提升了39.89%,工程造价降低了63.46%。“⊥”型廊道新结构及布置方案突破了传统底栏栅式渠首设计引水流量相对较小的限制,拓宽了底栏栅式渠首的适用范围,还提高了经济效益,可为此类工程提供新的工程方案。The bottom-grating canal head is the most suitable type for water diversion and sand prevention engineering in rivers of Xinjiang autonomous region,where coarse grain sandy and mountainous streams are widely distributed.However,practical application has demonstrated that when the water diversion volume exceeds 30 m 3/s,the advantages of sediment flushing and compact engineering layout in this type canal head begins to diminish.Consequently,the operational management efficiency in later stages is significantly discounted.Therefore,under the condition of retaining the advantages of the original layout,a new structure and optimal layout scheme of“⊥”type gallery structure is proposed to expand the diversion flow of the bottom-grating.On the basis of the original“―”type gallery structure perpendicular to the flow direction,a“|”type gallery along the flow direction was added(according to the size of the flow,two or more rows of“|”type galleries can be arranged).Combined with the flow dynamic equation of the bottom-grating and the traditional water intake flow calculation method,the calculation method of water intake flow for“⊥”type gallery was obtained.Taking the canal head project of the Toutun River in Xinjiang autonomous region as an example,without altering the original layout,the introduction of a“⊥”gallery structure increases the water diversion capacity to 48.96 m 3/s,with a 39.89%increase,while the project cost reduced 63.46%.The proposed“⊥”type gallery new structure and layout scheme break through the limitation of relatively small diversion flow in the traditional design of the bottom-grating canal head,broaden the application scope,improve the economic benefit,and provide a new engineering scheme for such projects.

关 键 词：底栏栅式渠首 “⊥”型引水廊道 引水防沙 水力计算 结构优化 头屯河渠首 

分 类 号：TV61[水利工程—水利水电工程]