堵塞和泄漏对输水系统水力过渡过程影响研究  

Influence of blockage and leakage on hydraulic transition process of water conveyance system

作　　者：刘功亮 彭旭 方福东 张召[2] LIU Gongliang;PENG Xu;FANG Fudong;ZHANG Zhao(Guangdong Yuehai Pearl River Delta Water Supply Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511455,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]广东粤海珠三角供水有限公司,广东广州511455 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第2期224-233,共10页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52009051,52209046)。

摘　　要：为明晰堵塞和泄漏对输水系统水力过渡过程的影响,以珠三角水资源配置工程中的高新沙泵站为例,基于特征线法及改进的水泵全特性曲线,建立了水力过渡过程的瞬变流计算模型,分析了系统中不同位置发生堵塞和泄漏对水力过渡过程的影响。结果表明:当系统中存在堵塞时,水力过渡过程中会出现更为严重的负压水锤;当泵组事故断电时,由于堵塞的存在,水泵出口压力和流量会发生显著变化,所造成的系统内最大负压将引起弥合性水锤;当泵组线性启动时,堵塞的存在造成了堵塞点前憋压严重,在泵组完全启动的末期所产生的剧烈波动会持续作用于管路系统;堵塞发生在不同位置对泵出口水头和流量的影响并不相同,而且堵塞的存在延迟了水泵发生倒转的时间;系统中存在泄漏时,水力过渡过程中的水头和流量所受影响相对较小,但是发生在输水管位置的泄漏会影响泵组的倒转时间和最大转速。研究结果可为多种极端工况下输水系统水力过渡过程分析提供参考。In order to clarify the influence of blockage and leakage on the hydraulic transition process of water conveyance systems,taking the Gaoxinsha Pumping Station of the Pearl River Delta water resources allocation project as an example,based on the characteristic line method and the improved pump full characteristic curve,a transient flow calculation model for the hydraulic transition process of the pumping station water conveyance system was established,and the influence of blockage and leakage occurred at different positions in the system on the hydraulic transition process was analyzed.The results showed when blockage occurred,a more serious negative pressure water hammer would appear in the hydraulic transition process.When the pumping station unit was powered off due to an accident,the pressure and flow at the outlet of the pump would change significantly due to the blockage,and the maximum negative pressure in the system would cause a bridging water hammer.When the pumping station unit started linearly,the blockage caused serious pressure holding in front of the blockage point,and the violent fluctuation generated at the end of the complete start-up of the pumping station unit would continue to act on the water pipeline system.The influence of blockage at different positions on the outlet pressure and flow rate of the pump was not the same,and the blockage delayed the pump reversing time.When there was a leakage in the system,the water head and flow rate in the hydraulic transition process were relatively less affected,but the leakage occurring at diversion pipes would affect the reversal time and maximum speed of the pumping station unit.The research results can provide reference for the analysis of hydraulic transition process of water conveyance systems under various extreme conditions.

关 键 词：管道堵塞 管道泄漏 水力过渡过程 水锤 管道输水系统 珠三角水资源配置工程 

分 类 号：TH311[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]