宁夏彭阳近30a气候变化特征分析  

Analysis of Climate Change Characteristics in Pengyang of Ningxia in Recent 30 a

作　　者：韩世昌 张成军[1,3] 杨文海 袁心[1,4] 王桂芳 HAN Shichang;ZHANG Chengjun;YANG Wenhai;YUAN Xin;WANG Guifang(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring,Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Administration,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750o02,China;Guyuan Meteorological Bureau,Guyuan 756000,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China;Pengyang County Meteorological Station,Pengyang 756500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏回族自治区防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002 [2]固原市气象局,固原756000 [3]宁夏气象台,银川750002 [4]彭阳县气象站,彭阳756500

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期187-198,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会区域创新发展联合基金(U20A2085)。

摘　　要：利用彭阳国家气象观测站1991—2020年气温、降水量、日照时数和风速资料,采用气候倾向率、累积距平值等方法,研究分析彭阳站近30a气候及气候变化特征,对比彭阳国家气象观测站与宁夏、黄河上游等地在气候和气候变化方面的异同,补充宁夏气候变化研究成果.研究表明:1)彭阳站年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.48℃/10a,高于宁夏、黄河上游平均升温幅度,通过1%显著性检验,在1997年发生突变;近10a,彭阳站冬季平均升温幅度高于宁夏,10月升温最大;2)年降水量呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率为59.1mm/10a,通过5%显著性检验,在2009年发生突变,明显高于黄河上游降水增加速率;春、夏、秋季降水量增加,高于宁夏南部平均值;冬季(12月和1月)降水量下降,与宁夏南部山区不同;3)年日照时数呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-66.3h/10a,在2013年发生明显突变;各月日照时数全部下降;年内月分布特征呈双峰型,最大值在6月,不同于温度和降水的单峰型分布;4)年平均风速显著增大,气候倾向率为0.095m/(s·10a),通过5%显著性检验,在2005年发生突变;各月大风日数大部分下降;年内月大风日数呈双峰型分布,最大值在5月;5)与宁夏南部山区其他国家气象观测站相比,彭阳站年平均气温最高超过35℃,且极端最低温度最低、日最大降水强度最大、年平均风速最小.Using the data of temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours and wind speed from 1991 to 2020 at Pengyang National Meteorological Observatory and using the methods of climatic tendency rate and cumulative anomaly value,the characteristics of climate change in Pengyang in the past 30 a were analyzed.The results showed that:1)The annual average temperature showed significant increase trend,and the climate tendency rate was 0.48 C/10 a,which passed 1%significance test,it was higher than the average temperature increase range of Ningxia and upper reaches of the Yellow River,the abrupt change occurred in 1997.In the recent 10 a,the average winter temperature increase at Pengyang station had been higher than that in Ningxia,with the greatest increase occurring in October.2)The annual precipitation showed significant increasing trend,and the climate tendency rate was 59.1 mm/10 a,which passed 5%significance test,and a sudden change occurred in 2009.Precipitation increase rate was obviously higher than that observed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.In spring,summer and autumn,the increase of precipitation exceeded the average values recorded in southern Ningxia.However,precipitation decreased during the winter months of December and January,which differed from the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.3)The annual sunshine hours showed decreasing trend,and the climate tendency rate was-66.3 h/10a,an obvious mutation occurred in 2013.The sunshine hours decreased in all months.The monthly distribution was bimodal.the greatest was in June,which was different from the unimodal distribution of temperature and precipitation.4)The annual average wind speed increased significantly,and the climate tendency rate was 0.095 m/(s·10 a),which passed 5%significance test,and a mutation occurred in 2005.The gale days in each month mostly decreased.The monthly distribution of gale days showed a bimodal pattern,the maximum was in May.5)Compared with other national meteorological observation stations in the mountainous areas of south

关 键 词：气候变化 气温 降水 日照时数 风速 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]