有机太阳能电池溶剂退火表征技术研究进展  

Advances in solvent annealing characterization techniques for organic solar cells

作　　者：郝嘉亮 冯杨 马千一 洪春霞 李秀宏 边风刚 王远洋[1] 杨春明 Jialiang Hao;Yang Feng;Qianyi Ma;Chunxia Hong;Xiuhong Li;Fenggang Bian;Yuanyang Wang;Chunming Yang(College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030000,China;Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200000,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学化学工程与技术学院,太原030000 [2]中国科学院上海高等研究院同步辐射光源,上海200000

出　　处：《中国科学:化学》2025年第2期358-369,共12页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:U1932118,12175295);国家重点研发计划(编号:2021YFA1601000,2020YFA0405800)资助项目。

摘　　要：有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells,OSCs)因其成本低及其轻量化和可调性等显著优势成为一项重要的绿色能源技术.OSCs活性层的形貌调节和结晶度关乎器件性能的优劣.因此,人们提出了各种优化形貌和调节结晶度的后处理策略,如热退火(TA)、溶剂退火(SVA)、添加剂等.但是添加剂较差的相容性会影响器件性能.TA和SVA都作为目前流行的后处理策略,热退火是通过加热给分子提供驱动力,进而对活性层表面形貌进行优化.而与热退火不同的是,溶剂蒸气退火能够渗透进薄膜内部为分子运动提供自由体积,因其操作简单和调控手段灵活等优势而引起了人们的兴趣.然而,由于溶剂蒸气对OSCs活性层的影响机制还不明确,这抑制了SVA的发展.因此,本文总结了目前被广泛应用的几种动力学表征技术和装置,包括拉曼荧光光谱(PL)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)、掠入射广角X射线散射(GIWAXS)和掠入射小角X射线散射(GISAXS)等,研究人员可以通过这一综述全面了解SVA的动态过程,从而有可能提高器件性能.最后,展望了SVA表征技术在OSCs中面临的挑战和未来发展方向.Organic solar cells(OSCs)are considered to be the most promising green energy technology of the 21st century due to their low cost and significant advantages such as their lightweight and tunability.The morphology adjustment and crystallinity of OSCs active layer are related to the performance of the device.Therefore,various posttreatment strategies to optimize morphology and adjust crystallinity have been proposed,such as hot annealing(TA),solvent annealing(SVA),and additives.However,the poor compatibility of additives will affect the device performance.TA and SVA are both popular post-treatment strategies.Thermal annealing is to optimize the surface morphology of the active layer by heating the molecules to provide driving force.Unlike thermal annealing,solvent vapor annealing can penetrate into the membrane to provide free volume for molecular movement,and its advantages such as simple operation and flexible control methods have aroused people's interest.However,the mechanism by which solvent vapor affects the active layer of OSCs is not well understood,which inhibits the development of SVA.Therefore,we summarize several popular dynamic characterization techniques and devices,including different test techniques such as Raman fluorescence spectroscopy(PL),UV-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis),grazing-incidence wide-angle Xray scattering(GIWAXS),and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering(GISAXS).This review allows researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes of SVA,potentially improving device performance.Finally,the challenges and future development of SVA characterization techniques in OSCs are briefly reviewed.

关 键 词：结晶 动力学 太阳能 溶剂退火 活性层 形貌 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]