银川市3所小学6~12岁儿童体成分特征分析及其与儿童血压偏高的关系  

The characteristics of body composition in children aged 6 to 12 years in three primary schools in Yinchuan City and its relationship with high blood pressure

作　　者：常静 徐玲玲[2] 王伟红[1] 薛涛 CHANG Jing;XU Lingling;WANG Weihong;Xue Tao(Clinical Nutrition Department,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxa 750004,China;Pediatrics Department,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxa 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学总医院临床营养科,宁夏银川750004 [2]宁夏医科大学总医院儿科,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《中华高血压杂志(中英文)》2025年第1期67-74,共8页Chinese Journal of Hypertension

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BEG03076);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2022AAC03575;2022AAC03492)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨银川市3所小学6~12岁儿童的人体成分特征,并分析身体脂肪组织和肌肉组织指标与血压之间的关联性。方法 采用现况调查和方便抽样技术,对银川市3所小学6~12岁儿童测量人体成分和血压,分析不同年龄段特征及性别差异,采用Pearson相关性分析、logistic回归分析及限制性立方样条图分析人体成分指标与儿童血压偏高的关系。结果 共纳入5 503名小学生。男生的体重指数、腰围、肌肉比率、骨骼肌比率、瘦体重比率、基础代谢率、收缩压以及舒张压高于女生(P<0.05)。体型消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖儿童中血压偏高检出率分别是5.1%(95%CI 3.5%~7.1%)、9.4%(95%CI 8.4%~10.4%)、15.6%(95%CI 13.1%~18.3%)、25.3%(95%CI22.2%~28.6%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别(女生)、骨骼肌比率是儿童血压偏高的保护因素,OR值分别为0.655(95%CI 0.536~0.788)、0.739(95%CI 0.653~0.837),年龄、腰围是儿童发生血压偏高的独立危险因素,OR值分别为1.272(95%CI 1.188~1.362)、1.070(95%CI 1.048~1.092)。限制性立方样条图分析显示,体脂百分比与儿童血压偏高呈非线性关系(非线性P<0.001),儿童血压偏高与内脏脂肪面积、腰围呈正向线性关系,与骨骼肌比率、肌肉比率、瘦体重比率呈反向线性关系(非线性P>0.05)。结论 银川市3所小学5 503名6~12岁学生体成分存在性别差异,超重肥胖儿童血压偏高检出率较高,性别、骨骼肌比率、年龄、腰围、体脂百分比是影响儿童血压的主要因素。Objective To explore the body composition characteristics of children aged 6 to 12 years in three primary schools in Yinchuan City and to analyze the association between body adipose tissue and muscle tissue indexes and blood pressure.Methods Prevalence survey and convenience sampling technique were used to measure body composition and blood pressure of children aged 6-12 years in three primary schools in Yinchuan City.Pearson correlation,logistic regression,and restricted cubic spline graph analysis were used to examine the relationship between body composition indicators and high blood pressure in children.Results A total of 5503 primary school students were included.Boys had significantly higher body mass index,waist circumference,muscle ratio,skeletal muscle ratio,lean body weight ratio,basal metabolic rate,systolic blood pressure,and diastolic blood pressure than girls(P<0.05).The prevalence of high blood pressure in the underweight,normal weight,overweight,and obese groups was 5.1%(95%CI 3.5%-7.1%),9.4%(95%CI 8.4%-10.4%),15.6%(95%CI 13.1%-18.3%),and 25.3%(95%CI 22.2%-28.6%),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender(female)and skeletal muscle ratio were protective factors for high blood pressure in children,with OR values of 0.655(95%CI 0.536-0.788)and 0.739(95%CI 0.653-0.837),respectively,while age and waist circumference were independent risk factors for high blood pressure in children,with OR values of 1.272(95%CI 1.188-1.362)and 1.070(95%CI 1.048-1.092).Restricted cubic spline graph analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between body fat percentage and high blood pressure(non-linear P<0.001),a positive linear relationship between visceral fat area,waist circumference and high blood pressure,and an inverse linear relationship between skeletal muscle ratio,muscle ratio,lean body weight ratio and high blood pressure in children(non-linear P>0.05).Conclusions There are gender differences in body composition among 5503 students aged 6 to 12 years in three prim

关 键 词：体成分 儿童 血压偏高 体脂百分比 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]