“传染”概念源流与宋金元时期疫病认知发展  

Origin of“Infection”and the Evolution of Epidemic Disease Perception in the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：杨小敏 YANG Xiaomin(Institute of History,Hebei Academy of Social Sciences,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院历史研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期57-68,共12页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“宋代药业研究”(23FZSB025)。

摘　　要：宋金元时期既是古代“传染”概念形成及发展的关键阶段,也是社会疫病观念和实践手段走向成熟的重要节点。“传染”一语从早期“易”“染”等词,逐渐引申并拓展为魏晋隋唐时期“相蛀”“染易”等词,直到北宋其概念才基本形成。在南宋,医家、士人乃至政府对于疫病传染的理论认识逐渐丰富,促使社会上应对疫病传染的用药经验和防治理念走向日常化、生活化。道教医学在主观认知、实践技术等方面也积极作为。金元医家在疫病传染的理论治法和方药阐释等方面取得了显著突破和进展。尤其是元代医家不仅注重病种、病证、用药等经验积累,还在具体环节中透露出“预防”“自愈”“自终”“邻里传染”等理性思考。在北医南渐背景下,以陈言、朱震亨为代表的南方医家在描述疫病流行性、传染性特征时继承并发展了“病”“毒”相关阐释,逐渐构建起病因、病机相结合的疫病认知理念,促使后世对疫病传染中的“病”“毒”关系愈发关注。The period of Song,Jin and Yuan is not only the key stage of the formation and development of the ancient concept of“Infection”,but also the important node of the perception and practice of epidemic disease to be mature.From the early“Yi”,“Ran”to“Xiang Zhu”,“Ran Yi”,the word“Infection”gradually extended and expanded in the Wei,Jin,Sui and Tang Dynasties,until its concept was basically formed in the Northern Song Dynasty.In the Southern Song Dynasty,doctors,scholars and even the government gradually enriched their theoretical understanding of epidemic infection.In the society,the treatment experience and prevention concept of epidemic disease infection became more routine and practical.Taoist medicine also has many positive achievements in subjective cognition and practical techniques.In the theoretical treatment and prescription interpretation,the doctors of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties made significant breakthroughs.In particular,doctors in the Yuan Dynasty not only paid attention to the practical accumulation of diseases,syndromes,prescriptions,etc.,but also revealed rational thinking such as“Prevention”,“Self-healing”,“Self-ending”and“Neighborhood infection”in the specific links.Under the background of the southward spread of medicine from the North,southern medical practitioners represented by Chen Yan and Zhu Zhenheng strengthened the interpretation of the epidemic and infectious characteristics in terms of“disease”and“toxicity”.They established the concept of disease cognition by integrating etiology and pathogenesis,thereby encouraging subsequent generations to place greater emphasis on the relationship between“disease”and“toxicity”in the context of epidemic transmission.

关 键 词：传染 宋金元 疫病 病因 病机 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]