自充电超级电容器用聚丙烯腈纳米纤维隔膜的制备及其性能  

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile separator for self-charging supercapacitors

作　　者：赵超[1] 金欣[1,2] 王闻宇[1] 朱正涛 ZHAO Chao;JIN Xin;WANG Wenyu;ZHU Zhengtao(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《纺织学报》2025年第2期20-25,共6页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51573136,51103101)。

摘　　要：针对自充电体系中压电隔膜亲水性差、电压性低和自充电电池结构坚硬导致能量损失等问题,利用聚丙烯腈(PAN)压电纳米纤维代替传统的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为超级电容器中的隔膜。通过静电纺丝技术,将极化和拉伸过程的协同作用相结合,从而获得优异的亲水性(接触角0°)、高压电性能(4.4 V)、高力学性能(8.2 MPa)和优异循环稳定性(20000次循环后保持不变)的自充电超级电容器。研究结果表明,基于PAN压电隔膜的超级电容器在2 mA/cm^(2)的电流密度下具有138 mF/cm^(2)的比电容,5000次压缩循环后的电容保持率为94.2%。该器件可通过机械运动在无外接电源的情况下为小灯泡等小型家用电器充电。Objective This study aims to address the poor hydrophilicity,low voltage,and rigid structure of piezoelectric separators in self-charging systems that lead to energy loss.The research focuses on substituting traditional polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with polyacrylonitrile(PAN)piezoelectric nanofiber membranes in self-charging supercapacitor(SCSPC),in order to enhance the piezoelectric and self-charging performance of the devices.This innovation is crucial for advancing flexible and integrated energy storage solutions.Method The study employed electrospinning technology to produce PAN and PVDF nanofiber membranes.The process involved the polarization and stretching of PAN fibers to achieve excellent hydrophilicity,high piezoelectric performance,and superior mechanical properties.The electrochemical performance of the resulting SCSPC was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry(CV),galvanostatic charge-discharge(GCD)tests,and piezoelectric output measurements.The structural and morphological properties of the fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and dynamic contact angle testing.Results The PAN nanofibers exhibited significant improvements over PVDF in several aspects.For morphology and mechanical properties,the PAN fiber membrane had a uniform diameter(450 nm),higher porosity(60%),and greater mechanical strength(8.2 MPa)compared to the PVDF counterpart(2.7 MPa).The higher porosity facilitated efficient electrolyte infiltration,and the superior mechanical strength ensured durability under mechanical stress.In terms of hydrophilicity,the PAN membranes demonstrated exceptional hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 0°,compared to the hydrophobic nature of PVDF whose contact angle 121°.This feature would enhance the ionic conductivity within the SCSPC.On piezoelectric performance,the PAN-based devices generated a higher piezoelectric voltage output(4.4 V)and maintained stability over 20000 cycles,while the PVDF devices showed lower output of 2.9 V and reduced stability after 13000 cycles.For electr

关 键 词：压电隔膜 静电纺丝 自充电超级电容器 聚丙烯腈 纳米发电机 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]