基于废旧纺织品的湿度响应纤维素/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及其性能  

Preparation and properties of humidity-responsive cellulose/polyurethane composites based on waste textiles

作　　者：杨露 孟家光 陈雨青[1] 支超 YANG Lu;MENG Jiaguang;CHEN Yuqing;ZHI Chao(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710048,China;Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products,Ministry of Education,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《纺织学报》2025年第2期26-34,共9页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2022KXJ-017);陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2022KJXX-40);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020GY-312,2023-YBGY-490);陕西省教育厅科研项目(23JP054)。

摘　　要：为提升废旧纺织品的利用价值,同时促进智能驱动结构的发展,通过溶解、混合及成膜工艺,将废旧棉织物与废旧聚氨酯结合,制成了具有湿度响应性的纤维素/聚氨酯复合薄膜,分别采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合膜的形貌特征,用万能试验机测试了复合膜的力学性能并分析了复合膜的湿度响应性。结果表明:复合膜外观均一且成形好,厚度为(0.18±0.02)mm的纤维素/聚氨酯膜可轻松承受1000 g的质量而不受损坏,超过薄膜本身质量的34000倍,具有良好的力学性能;当复合薄膜中纤维素质量分数为30%时展现出良好的成形效果及驱动性能,表现出15 s的快速响应时间、32 s的回复时间及136.3°的弯曲角度;其出色的湿度响应特性归因于亲水性纤维素和具有良好弹性的聚氨酯,纤维素可完成吸收/解吸水分子的过程。基于这些特性,将复合薄膜应用于模拟“机械抓手”,成功地完成了物品的抓取操作,研究结果可促进废旧纺织品的循环利用,为纤维素材料在智能驱动领域的应用开辟新途径。Objective With the improvement of life quality and hence the increasing demand for textiles,a large amount of textile waste is generated globally each year.Recycling and reusing this waste is crucial for developing low-cost,sustainable,high-performance,and renewable materials.This study focuses on creating humidity-responsive composite materials from recycled waste contton and polyurethane(PU)textiles,aiming for high-end applications.Method A cellulose/polyurethane composite film with humidity-responsive properties was developed using cellulose extracted from waste textiles.The process began with the pretreatment of waste cotton fabrics through bleaching and activation.Afterward,the fabrics were dissolved in LiCl/dimethylacetamide(DMAc)solvents,regenerated into a cellulose film,and dried.The cellulose film was then mechanically crushed to produce uniform cellulose powder(the average particle size is 0.17 mm).Next,the cellulose powder and polyurethane material were separately dispersed in a dimethylformamide(DMF)solution.Among them,the mass fraction of cellulose powder is 0,10%,20%,30%,40%,respectively.These were then mixed in a mold to form the cellulose/polyurethane composite film.Last,the morphology characteristics of the composite film were observed using scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical properties of the composite film were tested using a universal testing machine.In addition,based on the mechanism of humidity response of the cotton/PU composites,the humidity responsiveness of the composite film was analyzed.Results Humidity-responsive cellulose/polyurethane films were successfully prepared using the mold forming method.The microstructure of the composite film shows rough surface characteristics,which is because the addition of cellulose filler changes the internal structure of the composite film and generates a new surface area on the surface of the composite film.Furthermore,chemical structural analysis further confirmed the effective incorporation of cellulose into the PU matrix during makin

关 键 词：废旧纺织品 再生纤维素 聚氨酯 湿度响应 复合材料 

分 类 号：TS119[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] TS101.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]