一种兼顾仿真效率和精度的车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学模型  

A nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle⁃track spatial coupling system that balances simulation efficiency and accuracy

作　　者：王伟[1,2] 雷晓燕[1] 罗锟[1] 陈鹏[1] WANG Wei;LEI Xiaoyan;LUO Kun;CHEN Peng(School of Transportation Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Architecture and Engineering,Jiangxi Modern Polytechnic College,Nanchang 330095,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学交通运输工程学院,南昌330013 [2]江西现代职业技术学院建筑工程学院,南昌330095

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第4期10-20,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978264,52178424);江西省技术创新引导类计划项目(20223AEI91004);江西省自然科学重点基金项目(20224ACB204018);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2205122,GJJ171313);轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室自主课题研究项目(HJGZ2023207)。

摘　　要：车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学精细化模型常常需要耗费更多的机时,如何解决分析精度与计算效率的矛盾,是车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学数值分析中的难点。首先,建立了精细化的车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学模型,构建了在用迹线法搜索轮轨空间接触点中引入轮轨准弹性修正的、更为精细的轮轨接触几何关系,并将迹线法融入到交叉迭代中求解车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学方程,实现了同步进行轮轨接触点搜索与车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学方程求解,提高了模型分析精度和数值计算效率;然后,为验证理论模型的正确性,与相关文献结果进行了对比计算,验证了模型和算法的有效性;最后,分析了模型的四类简化形式对系统响应的影响。研究表明:采用集中支撑的弹性元件模拟钢轨扣件,无法真实反映两侧扣件对钢轨侧滚振动的协同约束作用,将导致计算结果失真,采用分离支撑的弹性元件模拟钢轨扣件更为合理;轨道结构底座板参振对系统响应的影响显著,在模型中应给予考虑;底座板超出轨道板的部分对系统响应的影响较小,所产生的误差在可接受范围内;轨道子系统模型A能兼顾仿真效率和计算精度,适合用作车辆-三层轨道非线性空间耦合系统振动精细化分析模型。The refined model of vehicle track nonlinear spatial coupling dynamics often requires more machine time.How to solve the contradiction between analysis accuracy and computational efficiency is a difficult point in the numerical analysis of vehicle track nonlinear spatial coupling dynamics.The article establishes a refined vehicle track nonlinear spatial coupling dynamic model,constructs a more refined wheel rail contact geometry relationship by introducing wheel rail quasi elastic correction in the search for wheel rail spatial contact points using the trace method,and integrates the trace method into cross iteration to solve the vehicle track nonlinear spatial coupling dynamic equation,achieving synchronous search for wheel rail contact points and solving the vehicle track nonlinear spatial coupling dynamic equation,improving the accuracy of model analysis and numerical calculation efficiency.To verify the correctness of the theoretical model,comparative calculations were conducted with relevant literature results to validate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.Finally,the impact of four simplified forms of the model on system response was analyzed.Research has shown that using elastic elements with centralized support to simulate rail fasteners cannot truly reflect the collaborative constraint effect of the fasteners on the rolling vibration of the rail on both sides,which will lead to distorted calculation results.It is more reasonable to use elastic elements with separated support to simulate rail fasteners;The influence of the vibration parameters of the track structure base plate on the system response is significant and should be considered in the model;The part of the base plate that exceeds the track plate has a relatively small impact on the system response,and the resulting error is within an acceptable range;The track subsystem model A can balance simulation efficiency and computational accuracy,and is suitable for use as a refined vibration analysis model for vehicle three⁃layer track nonl

关 键 词：车辆-轨道非线性空间耦合动力学 高速铁路 交叉迭代 准弹性修正 有限元模型 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]