大长径比尾翼爆炸成型弹丸飞行稳定性分析  

Flight stability analysis of large aspect ratio explosively formed projectiles with fins

作　　者：李珍珍 杨永亮[1] 王雅君 杨宝良[3] 侯云辉 郭锐[1] LI Zhenzhen;YANG Yongliang;WANG Yajun;YANG Baoliang;HOU Yunhui;GUO Rui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710061,China;Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094 [2]陕西应用物理化学研究所,西安710061 [3]西安现代控制技术研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第4期184-197,216,共15页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12202200,11972197);中国博士后科学基金(2022M711641)。

摘　　要：爆炸成型弹丸(explosively formed projectiles,EFP)的飞行稳定性直接决定弹丸撞靶的姿态、速度和密集度,进而影响EFP的侵彻性能。为了提升高超音速(Ma=4~7)EFP的侵彻威力,综述目前EFP的构型及飞行稳定性,建立了大长径比尾裙和褶皱尾翼EFP模型;构建并验证了EFP高超音速气动参数的数值计算方法。分析了尾翼式EFP的结构参数(齿根高、齿宽、实心率)对升阻力、压心和飞行稳定性等的影响规律,研究了结构不对称程度和滚转运动对尾裙和尾翼式EFP静态气动参数的影响规律。在此基础上,建立并验证了EFP飞行动力学微分方程,分析了结构非对称和滚转运动对弹道径向偏移量的影响;研究了药型罩材质对球形、尾裙式、尾翼式EFP长距离飞行速度降的影响,定量分析了飞行稳定性对EFP存速能力的影响。研究表明:常规尾翼弹飞行稳定性判据仍适用于EFP高超音速空气弹道;通过斜置褶皱尾翼产生较低速的滚转运动,可以显著提高非对称结构EFP的空气弹道密集度;优化后的尾翼式EFP在飞行稳定性良好的同时,具有优异的存速能力,可为高侵彻威力EFP战斗部成型设计提供一个标准构型参考。The flight stability of explosively formed projectiles(EFP)directly determines their impact orientation,velocity,and dispersion,which in turn affects the penetration performance of the EFP.To enhance the penetration power of hypersonic EFP(Ma=4⁃7),a review of the current configurations and flight stability of EFP was conducted.Models of EFP with high aspect ratio tail skirts and corrugated fins were established,and a numerical method for calculating the aerodynamic parameters of hypersonic EFPs was developed and validated.The effects of structural parameters of finned EFP—such as root height,tooth width,and solidity—on lift⁃to⁃drag ratio,center of pressure,and flight stability were analyzed.Additionally,the influence of structural asymmetry and roll motion on the static aerodynamic parameters of tail⁃skirted and finned EFPs was investigated.Based on this,the flight dynamics differential equations of EFP were established and validated.The effects of structural asymmetry and roll motion on ballistic radial displacement were analyzed.Additionally,the effect of liner material on the long⁃range velocity decay of spherical,tail⁃skirted,and finned EFP was studied,and a quantitative analysis was conducted to assess how flight stability influences the residual velocity retention of EFP.The study indicates that conventional stability criteria for finned projectiles remain applicable to the hypersonic air trajectory of EFP.Introducing a low⁃speed roll motion through inclined corrugated fins significantly enhances the air trajectory dispersion of asymmetrical EFP.The optimized finned EFP presented in this paper exhibits excellent flight stability and superior residual velocity retention,offering a standard configuration reference for designing high⁃penetration EFP warheads.

关 键 词：攻角摆动 外弹道 高超音速 气动特性 

分 类 号：TJ01[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术] TJ41