卫生与植物卫生措施规则的历史演进与启示  

Evolutionary History of SPS Rules and Enlightenment

作　　者：江虹[1] JIANG Hong(College of Public Administration and Law,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学公共管理与法学学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中州大学学报》2025年第1期71-75,共5页Journal of Zhongzhou University

基　　金：2024年度湖南省社会科学基金重点项目“中国自贸协定对接高标准SPS规则研究”(24ZDB017)。

摘　　要：卫生与植物卫生措施规则即SPS规则的制定、发展和完善是一个不断演进的历史过程。20世纪80年代,为应对异化的SPS措施给自由贸易带来的障碍,SPS规则开始产生;20世纪末,WTO多边自由贸易体制下SPS规则逐步完善,SPS规则的制定目的也是发展变化的,其适用实效随着时代的变化而变化。21世纪上半叶,SPS规则先呈现出鲜明的区域主义特征,后又呈现出实体性、程序性要求高标准发展趋势。SPS规则的历史演进对中国的启示主要有:SPS规则的理念应与时俱进、中国自贸协定应引入高标准SPS规则、中国农产品安全标准应加强对外输出。Since the beginning of the 19th century,free trade agreements have undergone significant changes,but trade protectionism has never been eliminated.The SPS measures that were alienated in the 1970s became an important non-tariff trade barrier.At the end of the 20th century,the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures became the main rule regulating SPS measures under the WTO multilateral free trade system.In the first half of the 21st century,SPS measures have exhibited distinct regional characteristics.Over time,they have further evolved toward heightened substantive and procedural standards.The historical evolution of SPS measures offers China three key insights:the conceptual framework of SPS measures must evolve with the times;China’s Free Trade Agreements should incorporate high-standard SPS provisions;and China’s agricultural safety standards need to enhance their international promotion.

关 键 词：SPS措施及规则 高标准发展 制度型开放 

分 类 号：R185.3[医药卫生—流行病学]