质子交换膜燃料电池增湿策略研究进展  

Research progress on humidification strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

作　　者：叶立[1] 叶志鹏 贺浩然 张绮冬 王译增 YE Li;YE Zhipeng;HE Haoran;ZHANG Qidong;WANG Yizeng(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《化学工程》2025年第2期13-19,70,共8页Chemical Engineering(China)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51736007,51306122)。

摘　　要：PEMFC(质子交换膜燃料电池)具有效率高、功率密度大、清洁无污染、工作寿命长、工作温度低且运行稳定等优点。水管理作为质子交换膜的关键技术之一,受到广泛关注。PEMFC内质子交换膜在使用过程中需要维持合适的湿度,以拥有较高的质子电导率和耐久性能,因此需要适当的增湿策略保证质子交换膜处于合适的水合状态。燃料电池的增湿策略大致可分为内增湿和外增湿。内增湿又可分为化学加湿和物理加湿,外增湿可分为鼓泡增湿、直接注水增湿、焓轮增湿和膜增湿等。分别介绍了每一种增湿方法的工作原理和性能,以此分析不同方法的特点,并基于此,识别每种方法在特定应用领域中的适用性和效能,为与具体应用场景的结合提供参考。总体而言,PEMFC的增湿技术之后发展可能主要聚焦于低温自增湿膜电极的构建,自增湿和外增湿技术的协同应用,以及对增湿过程的控制优化。PEMFC(proton exchange membrane fuel cell)is known for its advantages,which include high efficiency,high power density,cleanliness and pollution-free operation.It also offers a long working life,operates at low temperatures,and provides stable performance.Water management receives extensive attention as one of the critical technologies of the proton exchange membrane.The proton exchange membrane in PEMFC requires maintenance of appropriate humidity during use to ensure high proton conductivity and durability.Consequently,an appropriate humidification strategy is necessary to maintain the proton exchange membrane in a suitable hydration state.The humidification strategies for fuel cells are broadly categorized into internal and external humidification.Internal humidification is further divided into chemical and physical methods,while external humidification includes bubbling humidification,direct water injection,enthalpy wheel humidification and membrane humidification.The working principle and performance of each humidification method were introduced,and the characteristics of different techniques were analyzed.Based on this,the applicability and efficiency of each process in specific application fields were identified,and a reference was provided for integrating with specific application scenarios.In general,the future development of PEMFC humidification technology may mainly focus on constructing low-temperature self-humidifying membrane electrodes,the synergistic application of self-humidifying and external humidification technology,and the control optimization of the humidification process.

关 键 词：质子交换膜燃料电池 水管理 内增湿 外增湿 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]