液氨管道泄放特性及影响因素研究  

Study on factors influencing discharge characteristics of liquid ammonia pipeline

作　　者：尹鹏博 林涌滨 滕霖 李卫东 黄鑫[1] 李臻超 罗宇 江莉龙[1] YIN Pengbo;LIN Yongbin;TENG Lin;LI Weidong;HUANG Xin;LI Zhenchao;LUO Yu;JIANG Lilong(Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalysts,College of Chemical Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian Province,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学化工学院,化肥催化剂国家工程研究中心,清源创新实验室,福建福州350108

出　　处：《化学工程》2025年第2期78-83,共6页Chemical Engineering(China)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204072,52304066);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4000403);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(22221005);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT220008)。

摘　　要：当液氨管道处于事故泄漏、停输超压或计划维护等情况时,可采用泄放的方式对管内液氨进行泄压回收。由于氨的高体积膨胀性,其泄放过程的节流效应会导致管内温度骤降,加剧管道受冷收缩和脆性断裂的风险。针对目前液氨管道泄放特性研究不足,参考国内外相关设计和运行参数,建立液氨管道泄放仿真模型,探讨管长、管径和操作条件(温度、压力)影响下的泄放特征参数发展规律。研究结果表明:随着管道长度减小,泄放初期管内压降和温降增大,泄放过程压力和温度随时间下降幅度增加;随着管径减小,泄放口初始压力和温度下降幅度增大,泄放时间和泄放最低温度减小;管道运行压力对整体泄放过程影响较小;管道运行温度越低,泄放口初始温降越大,泄放所需时间越长。研究成果将为液氨管道紧急泄放的安全控制和应急方案的制定提供重要依据。The pressure discharge method can be used to release and recover the liquid ammonia in the pipeline,when the liquid ammonia pipe is in the condition of accident leakage,overpressure shutdown or planned maintenance.Due to the high volume expansion of ammonia,the throttling effect during the discharge process can cause a sharp drop in temperature within the pipeline,which will increae the risk of cold-induced shrinkage and brittle fracture of the pipeline.Considering the current lack of research on the discharge characteristics of liquid ammonia pipelines,a simulation model for discharging long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines was established by referring the domestic and international design and operational parameters.The development patterns of discharge characteristic parameters under different pipeline lengths,diameters and operating conditions(temperature,pressure)were explored.The results indicate that with the decrease in pipeline length,the initial pressure drop and temperature drop within the pipeline increase,and the extent of pressure and temperature decline during the discharge process increases over time.As the pipeline diameter decreases,the initial pressure and temperature drop at the discharge point increase,while the discharge time and the minimum discharge temperature decrease.The operating pressure of the pipeline has a minor impact on the overall discharge process.The lower the operating temperature of the pipeline,the greater the initial temperature drop at the discharge point and the longer the discharge time required.The research results will provide important support for the safe control and emergency planning of liquid ammonia pipeline discharge processes.

关 键 词：液氨管道 仿真模拟 泄放 影响因素 特征参数 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]