机械活化强化硫酸锌溶液中锌粉净化除镉  

Mechanical activation enhances cadmium purification from zinc powder in zinc sulfate solution

作　　者：崔武江 曾鹏 甄勇 李兴彬[1] 魏昶[1] 罗兴国 周子豪 CUI Wujiang;ZENG Peng;ZHEN Yong;LI Xingbin;WEI Chang;LUO Xingguo;ZHOU Zihao(School of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,P.R.China;Yunnan Chihong Zinc Germanium Co.,Ltd.,Qujing,Yunnan 655000,P.R.China;Sichuan Shengtun Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ya’an,Sichuan 625000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,云南曲靖655000 [3]四川盛屯锌锗科技有限公司,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《重庆大学学报》2025年第2期110-122,共13页Journal of Chongqing University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52164039);云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划项目(202202AG050025);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(202001AT070079)。

摘　　要：锌粉单耗高和净化除镉渣中镉含量低是硫酸锌溶液锌粉置换除镉存在的共性难题,其核心原因是锌粉被产物层包裹降低其反应活性。基于此提出了机械活化强化硫酸锌溶液两级锌粉逆流置换除镉新方法,一级添加较低系数的锌粉产出高镉品位的净化渣,二级添加较高系数的锌粉,以控制硫酸锌溶液中镉达到溶液净化质量要求。研究结果表明,在总锌粉添加系数为1.02、反应温度60℃、反应时间60 min的条件下,当一级锌粉添加系数为0.9,二级锌粉添加系数为1.2时,一级净化后液中镉质量浓度由反应前的1530 mg/L降低至60~70 mg/L,一级净化产出的镉渣中镉含量富集至81.54%,锌含量小于10%;二级净化后液中镉质量浓度降低至2~5 mg/L,净化渣中的镉含量为16.09%,锌含量为56.04%。一级净化渣主要物相为单质镉,二级净化渣的主要物相是未反应的锌和部分单质镉。与传统一次净化工艺相比,通过流体的剪应力和机械活化作用,破坏了锌粉表面的包裹层,消除了锌粉表面的包裹现象,提高了锌粉利用效率,降低了锌粉消耗,提高了净化渣中的镉含量。Excessive zinc powder consumption and low cadmium content in purified cadmium removal residues are persistent challenges in cadmium removal from zinc sulfate solution via zinc powder replacement.The primary cause is the reduced reactivity of zinc powder due to encapsulation by product layers.To address this,a novel two-stage countercurrent replacement method with mechanical activation was proposed.This method involves adding low-coefficient zinc powder in the first stage to facilitate cadmium enrichment and highcoefficient zinc powder in the second stage to achieve the desired cadmium removal from zinc sulfate solutions,meeting solution purification standards.Experimental results show that,under optimal conditions(total zinc powder addition coefficient of 1.02,reaction temperature of 60°C,and reaction time of 60 min),using a primary zinc powder addition coefficient of 0.9 and a secondary zinc powder addition coefficient of 1.2 reduced cadmium concentration in the solution from 1530 mg/L to 60−70 mg/L after the first stage.This process enriched the cadmium content in the primary purification residue to 81.54%,with zinc content below 10%.Following secondary purification,cadmium concentration in the solution further decreased to 2 mg/L to 5 mg/L,while the purification residue contained 16.09%cadmium and 56.04%zinc.Phase analysis revealed that the primary purification residue predominantly consisted of elemental cadmium,whereas the secondary residue contained unreacted zinc and some elemental cadmium.Compared with traditional primary purification methods,the introduction of fluid shear stress and mechanical activation effectively disrupted the encapsulation layer on zinc powder surfaces,eliminating the the wrapping effect,enhancing zinc powder utilization efficiency,reducing consumption,and increasing cadmium content in the purification residues.

关 键 词：硫酸锌溶液 锌粉置换除镉 两级净化 流体剪应力 机械活化 

分 类 号：TF819.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]