基于RUSLE模型的贵州省植被景观格局演变对土壤保持的影响  

An analysis of the impact of vegetation landscape pattern evolution onsoil conservation in Guizhou Province by utilizing the RUSLE model

作　　者：张皓茹 杨坪坪 高雄 李水 杨昌鑫 ZHANG Haoru;YANG Pingping;GAO Xiong;LI Shui;YANG Changxin(School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guizhou Karst Mountain Land Ecology and Land Use Observation and Research Station,MNR,Ansun,Guizhou 561301,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]自然资源部贵州喀斯特山地国土生态与土地利用野外科学观测研究站,贵州安顺561301

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期46-59,共14页Journal of Guizhou Normal University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32101593);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-[2021]一般220号);贵州师范大学学术新苗基金项目(黔师新苗[2022]09号)。

摘　　要：基于植被覆盖数据、土地利用数据及气象数据,应用修正通用土壤侵蚀方程(RUSLE)模型估算贵州省的土壤侵蚀状况,分析贵州省植被覆盖及土壤侵蚀演变特征,探讨景观格局指数与土壤保持量的空间相关性特征。研究结果表明:2005—2020年贵州省植被覆盖总体处于增长性变化趋势;从2005—2020年,贵州省年平均土壤侵蚀模数总体减少0.91 t/(a·hm^(2)),主要朝减弱方向转化,且土壤保持量呈先减少后增加的趋势;研究区总体植被覆盖景观破碎化程度和异质性增加,斑块优势和抗干扰性不断增强,但景观的多样性随之降低,斑块趋于不均匀分布。不同景观格局指数与土壤保持强度的相关性及响应程度存在地理和时空上的差异,差异可能与喀斯特地区独特的地理环境和城市扩张速度存在关联性。研究结果可为喀斯特地区植被景观设计和土壤保持策略的制定提供参考。This study utilized vegetation cover data,land use data,and meteorological information to employ the RUSLE model for assessing soil erosion status in Guizhou Province.Additionally,it analyzed the characteristics of vegetation cover evolution and trends in soil conservation within the region while investigating the spatial correlation between landscape pattern indices and soil conservation metrics.The findings indicate that from^(2)005 to 2020,vegetation cover in Guizhou Province exhibited an upward trend.During this period,the average annual soil erosion modulus decreased by 0.91 t/(a·hm^(2)),primarily reflecting a weakening trend;However,soil conservation initially declined before experiencing an increase.In the study area,both fragmentation and heterogeneity of overall vegetation cover landscapes intensified;Patch dominance and resilience against disturbances improved,yet landscape diversity diminished as patches became increasingly unevenly distributed.The correlation and responsiveness of various landscape pattern indices with respect to soil conservation intensity exhibit geographical variability across time and space-potentially linked to the unique geographical conditions and rapid urban expansion characteristic of karst regions.The results of this study can serve as valuable references for designing effective vegetation landscapes and formulating robust soil conservation strategies in karst areas.

关 键 词：RUSLE 植被景观格局 土壤保持 贵州省 喀斯特 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]