陶然亭公园西府海棠修剪反应研究  

Study on the Pruning Responses of Malus Micromalus in Taoranting Park

作　　者：杨威 李剑雄 高婧宇 宋航蓉 Yang Wei;Li Jianxiong;Gao Jingyu;Song Hangrong(Taoranting Park Management Office,Beijing 100050,China;New Campus of Lyuliang University,Lyuliang 033000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市陶然亭公园管理处,北京100050 [2]吕梁学院,山西吕梁033000

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第1期13-17,75,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：2024年北京市公园管理中心科技新星科研课题项目(编号:kjxx2023010)。

摘　　要：本文针对北京市陶然亭公园内的西府海棠,探讨了不同短截强度、短截时间和回缩强度的修剪处理对其生长反应的影响。试验材料为树龄约为15年且生长健壮的西府海棠,通过分组处理,记录了枝条的各类生长情况,并进行了方差分析。结果表明:①重度短截显著提高了新生长枝的比例,而中度短截则显著提升了芽点总萌发率;②冬季(12月份)短截与春季(4月份)短截在芽点总萌发率和长枝长度上无显著差异,但冬季短截的长枝个数和长枝萌发率高于春季,春季短截的簇状枝萌发率更高。夏季(6月份)短截效果最差,不推荐进行;③回缩修剪能有效控制枝条长度,但多年生枝条的回缩修剪会降低芽点总萌发率。对比多年未修剪与逐年修剪的西府海棠,短截后除长枝萌发率略高外,其他数据均较低。本文提出了针对不同修剪目的的修剪方式建议,强调修剪应综合考虑多种因素,灵活运用各种修剪手法,以实现最佳的园林景观效果。This study investigates the impacts of varying pruning intensities,pruning time,and retrenchment inten-sities on the pruning responses of Malusmicromalus in Taoranting Park,Beijing.The research was conducted on approximately 15-year-old,healthy Malus micromalus specimens.Various growth conditions of the branches were systematically recorded and analyzed using ANOVA through stratified experimental treatment.The results indicate that:①intensive short-cut pruning significantly increased new branch proliferation,whereas moderate short-cut pruning demonstrated superior enhancement of total bud sprouting rates;②while no significant differences were observed in total bud sprouting rates and long branch length between winter(December)and spring(April)short-cut pruning.Winter pruning yielded greater long branch quantity and sprouting rates,contrasting with spring pruning's superior cluster branch sprouting performance.Summer(June)short-cut pruning yielded the poorest re-sults and is not recommended;③retrenchment pruning effectively regulated branch elongation but reduced the to-tal bud sprouting rates in perennial branches.Comparative analysis between annually pruned trees and those un-pruned for multiple years revealed generally lower growth metrics in the latter,except for marginally higher long branch sprouting rates following short-cut pruning.The study also proposed pruning recommendations for differ-ent pruning objectives,emphasizing the importance of integrated,flexible application of pruning techniques to op-timize landscape aesthetics and plant health.

关 键 词：西府海棠 修剪反应 短截强度 修剪时间 回缩强度 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]