河道底泥重金属污染评价及其相关性分析  

Assessment and Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Sediment

作　　者：金志浩 Jin Zhihao(Shanghai Hongkou District Environmental Monitoring Station,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市虹口区环境监测站,上海200083

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第2期148-151,158,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：河道底泥是河道内源污染的源头,富含有机质、氮、磷等营养物质,也是重金属的富集和储存地。采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对河道底泥重金属污染程度开展评价,结果表明:除了镉(Cd)元素超标以外,其他重金属元素含量均达标;河道底泥污染风险低,该断面属于呈尚清洁(警戒线)状态。此外,表层泥样的重金属含量高于深层泥样,重金属含量沿程分布不均匀且没有明显规律,但弯道位置的底泥重金属含量高于直线段,这主要是由于表层底泥积蓄了大量有机物和营养元素,水流中夹带的污染物在弯头处易堆积。除此之外,表层底泥重金属的相关性分析可知,Cd只与铬(Cr)和汞(Hg)有一定的相关性,与其他元素相关性较差。Cr主要来源于人为贡献,其与铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)三种重金属元素的相关性较高,这可能是由于这几种元素来自于同一污染源或有元素之间存在相当活跃的络合作用。River sediment is the source of internal pollution,rich in organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients.It is also an accumulation and storage site for heavy metals.This paper uses the single factor index method and the Nemerow comprehensive index method to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in river sediment.The results show that except for cadmium(Cd)exceeding the standard,the content of other heavy metal elements meets the standard.The risk of river sediment pollution is low,and this section is in a relatively clean(warning line)state.In addition,the heavy metal content of surface sediment samples is higher than that of deep sediment samples,and the distribution of heavy metal content is uneven and irregular along the way.However,the heavy metal content of sediment in curved sections is higher than that in straight sections.This is mainly due to the accumulation of a large amount of organic matter and nutrients in surface sediment,and pollutants carried in the water flow are prone to accumulate at curved sections.In addition,the correlation analysis of heavy metals in surface sediment shows that Cd only has a certain correlation with chromium(Cr)and mercury(Hg),and has poor correlation with other elements.Cr mainly comes from human contributions and has a high correlation with three heavy metal elements:copper(Cu),arsenic(As),and nickel(Ni).This may be due to the fact that these elements come from the same pollution source or there is a relatively active complexation between them.

关 键 词：河道底泥 重金属 污染评价 相关性分析 

分 类 号：X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程]