地表水中重金属离子监测技术对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Ion Monitoring Techniques in Surface Water

作　　者：汪洋 Wang Yang(Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省南京环境监测中心,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第2期206-212,共7页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：随着工业化进程的加速和城市化水平的提高,地表水重金属污染造成的水资源短缺已经成为一个严峻的全球性问题,同时也严重威胁着人类的健康和生态环境。因此,通过高效、精确的重金属离子监测技术对于保障地表水水质安全、促进生态环境保护具有重要意义。旨在全面分析并比较当前地表水中重金属离子的主要监测技术,以应对日益严峻的地表水重金属污染问题。基于此,系统地介绍了电化学分析法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子光谱法、离子色谱法、X射线荧光光谱法等多种主流监测技术的基本原理、应用特点、优缺点及发展趋势。通过对比分析,深入探讨了各监测技术在选择性、灵敏度、操作复杂度、成本及适用范围等方面的性能差异,为选择合适的监测技术提供了科学依据。With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization,heavy metal pollution in surface water has emerged as a critical global issue,resulting in water scarcity and posing serious threats to human health and ecological integrity.Efficient and accurate monitoring of heavy metal ions is thus essential to ensure surface water quality and to promote environmental protection.This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis and comparison of current primary techniques for monitoring heavy metal ions in surface water to address this growing challenge.The review systematically examines the principles,applications,strengths,limitations,and trends of major monitoring techniques,including electrochemical analysis,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),atomic spectroscopy,ion chromatography,and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.Through comparative analysis,the performance differences in terms of selectivity,sensitivity,operational complexity,cost,and applicability are examined,offering a scientific basis for selecting the appropriate monitoring technology.

关 键 词：地表水 重金属 监测技术 环境保护 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]