内蒙古黄土高原区限量补灌对玉米光响应曲线及产量的影响  

Effects of limited supplementary irrigation on the light response curve and yield ofmaize in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：白梓辰 高宏艳 李玉义 杜二小 李保成 王艳丽 赵沛义 刘勇 张德全 王伟妮 BAI Zichen;GAO Hongyan;LI Yuyi;DU Erxiao;LI Baocheng;WANG Yanli;ZHAO Peiyi;LIU Yong;ZHANG Dequan;WANG Weini(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,Hohhot 010031,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Ulanhot 137400,China;Ordos Water Conservancy Development Center,Ordos 017000,China;Ordos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resources Protection Center,Ordos 017010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [4]兴安盟农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古乌兰浩特137400 [5]鄂尔多斯水利事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [6]鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第6期116-125,共10页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(2022EEDSKJXM004);鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001);2021年鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2060901)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同限量补灌对内蒙古黄土高原区玉米光响应曲线和产量的影响,明确该地区玉米合理的补灌制度。【方法】试验于2021—2022年在内蒙古准格尔旗纳林果园进行,全生育期设置900 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1)、1 050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、1 200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)、1 350 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4)和1 500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK)5个补灌量,于玉米播后苗前定额滴灌225 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期定额滴灌150 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期和抽雄期等额递增滴灌(递增梯度为75 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究不同补灌量对玉米全生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量以及灌浆期光响应曲线和产量的影响。【结果】随着补灌量的增加,叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和产量均呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着生育时期的推进,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量呈抛物线状,在抽雄期最高。两年间,W3处理玉米叶面积指数在灌浆期均高于W1、W2处理和CK,分别平均提高7.42%、3.85%和2.28%;叶绿素含量在灌浆期和成熟期均高于W1、W2处理和CK,分别平均提高9.73%、5.29%和13.19%。2021年W3处理玉米干物质积累量在抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期较CK平均降低1.89%,在2022年平均降低4.04%。2021年和2022年,W3处理最大净光合速率分别较CK提高12.00%和7.69%,表观量子效率分别较CK提高7.55%和19.57%,产量分别较CK增加3.74%和6.24%。【结论】限量补灌对玉米生长发育有一定抑制作用,W3处理(1 200 m^(3)/hm^(2))时,玉米叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和产量显著高于CK,因此为内蒙古黄土高原区玉米生育时期较为适宜的补灌量。【Objective】To explore the effects of different limited supplementary irrigation on the light response curve and yield of maize in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia,and determine the rational supplementary irrigation system of maize in this region.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Narin Orchard,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2022. Five supplementary irrigation amounts of 900 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),1 050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),1 200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),1 350 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4),and 1 500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK) were set during the whole growth stage. The effects of different supplementary irrigation amounts on leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation of maize during the whole growth stage,and light response curve of filling stage and yield were studied by 225 m^(3)/hm^(2) pre-seedling drip irrigation,150 m^(3)/hm^(2) drip irrigation at filling stage,and equal incremental drip irrigation(with an increasing gradient of 75 m^(3)/hm^(2)) at jointing stage and tasseling stage.【Results】Leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield all increased first and then decreased with the increase of supplemental irrigation amount. With the development of growth stage,the leaf area index and chlorophyll content showed a parabolic shape,and the highest was found in the tasseling stage. During the two years,the leaf area index of maize under W3 treatment higher than W1,W2 treatment,and CK during the filling stage,average increases of 7.42%,3.85%,and 2.28% respectively;chlorophyll content under W3 treatment during filling stage and mature stage higher than W1,W2 treatment and CK,average increases of 9.73%,5.29%,and 13.19% respectively. In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize under W3 treatment was 1.89% lower than CK on average during tasseling stage,filling stage,and mature stage,while average reduction was 4.04% in 2022. In 2021 and 2022,W3 treatment maximum net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.00% and 7.69%,while apparent quantum efficiency increased of 7.55% and 19.

关 键 词：内蒙古黄土高原区 玉米 限量补灌 光响应曲线 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S365