乌裕尔河大型底栖动物群落结构与功能摄食类群  

Community structure and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebratesin Wuyu′er River

作　　者：张泽鹏 王海宇 金洪宇 鲁万桥 邢世通 李雷[1,2] ZHANG Zepeng;WANG Haiyu;JIN Hongyu;LU Wanqiao;XING Shitong;LI Lei(Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of National Fishery Resources and Environment,Harbin 150070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所/农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]国家渔业资源环境抚远观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第6期126-134,共9页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：农业财政专项“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境常态化监测”。

摘　　要：【目的】探究黑龙江省乌裕尔河大型底栖动物群落结构与功能摄食类群,为乌裕尔河大型底栖动物的资源保护提供基础数据。【方法】于2022年10月在乌裕尔河12个采样点采集大型底栖动物样品,分析其种类组成、群落结构、功能摄食类群分布,并通过功能摄食类群均匀度指数(jFD)评价乌裕尔河生态系统健康状况。【结果】共采集到大型底栖动物713个,隶属于4门14目25科51种(属),水生昆虫种类最多,共33种(占总种类数的64.71%);乌裕尔河大型底栖动物总平均生物量和总平均丰度分别为13.39 g/m^(2)和59.42 ind./m^(2);优势种为中华小长臂虾(Palaemonetes sinensis)、直突揺蚊属一种(Orthoclidius sp.)、小划蝽(Micronecta quadriseta)和揺蚊属一种(Chironomus sp.)。乌裕尔河大型底栖动物群落可划分为4组,且存在极显著的空间差异(Global R=0.80,P<0.001)。该流域内大型底栖动物功能摄食类群以收集者为主(相对丰度占物种总丰度的35.48%),其次为撕食者、捕食者、刮食者和滤食者,相对丰度分别占物种总丰度的25.39%、20.48%、13.04%、5.61%。12个采样点功能摄食类群均匀度指数平均值为0.72。【结论】秋季乌裕尔河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群以收集者为主,且河流生态系统健康状况整体较好。【Objective】To explore the community structure and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River,Heilongjiang Province,and provide basic data for the protection of benthic macroinvertebrates resources in Wuyu′er River.【Methods】In October 2022,samples of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from 12 sampling sites along Wuyu′er River.The species composition,community structure and functional feeding group distribution were analyzed,and the health status of Wuyu′er River ecosystem was evaluated using the functional feeding group evenness index(jFD).【Results】A total of 713 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected,belonging to 4 phyla,14 orders,25 families,and 51 species(genera).The number of aquatic insect species was the most,with a total of 33 species(accounting for 64.71%of the total species).The total average biomass and total average abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River were 13.39 g/m^(2) and 59.42 ind./m^(2),respectively. The dominant species were Palaemonetes sinensis,Orthoclidius sp.,Micronecta quadriseta and Chironomus sp.. The benthic macroinvertebrates community in Wuyu′er River could be divided into 4 groups,with very significant spatial differences(Global R=0.80,P<0.001). The functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in river basin were mainly gather-collectors(with a relative abundance accounts for 35.48% of the total species abundance),followed by shredders,predators,scrapers and filter-collectors,with relative abundance were 25.39%,20.48%,13.04% and 5.61% of total species abundance,respectively. The average functional feeding group evenness index at 12 sampling sites was 0.72.【Conclusion】The functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River in autumn were dominated by gather-collectors and the overall health status of the river ecosystem was good.

关 键 词：乌裕尔河 大型底栖动物 种类组成 群落结构 功能摄食类群 功能摄食类群均匀度指数 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学] Q958.8