16—17世纪欧洲人对南海西部危险区的认知演变——以近代早期欧洲古地图为中心的考察  

The Evolution of European’s Understanding of Dangerous Zones in the Western Part of South China Sea in the 16-17th Century:An Investigation Centeredonthe Mapsin Early Modern Europe

作　　者：刘金源 徐东波[3] Liu Jinyuan;Xu Dongbo

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023 [3]南京农业大学国家安全与国防教育中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《学术研究》2025年第2期110-126,178,共18页Academic Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(20JZD035);江苏省“333工程”科研项目“英藏南海问题档案文献整理与研究”(BRA2020032)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：16—17世纪欧洲人关于南海水文地理的认知,虽然建立在少量航海实践及经验基础之上,但仍有一定的想象与臆断色彩。当时,多数欧洲制图师认为,越南东部存在着影响船只航行的危险区域,并逐渐用古葡语Pracel表示。在绘制Pracel区域的地图时,其刀片状、逗号状、牛角状、锥状等绘法的变化,反映出欧洲人对南海西部水文地理的认知演变。从欧洲人绘制的地图及阐释来看,近代之前使用的Pracel,大体是用来指代岛屿或群岛,其区位在不同制图师笔下也不尽一致。直到17世纪中后期,Pracel才逐渐成为危险区的专称。以近代早期欧洲人绘制的古地图为研究对象,厘清危险区和Pracel的指向及差异,有助于我们回应并驳斥越南学界依托相关古地图强行解释Pracel即西沙群岛的谬论,进而为捍卫我国西沙主权提供历史证据。Based on limited navigation experiences,the Europe’s hydrogeographic knowledge about the South China Sea during 16th to 17th century was featured by imagination and speculation.Most European cartographers have mistakenly believed that there were dangerous zones,which may affect navigation,around the eastern coast of Vietnam.These zones were then termed as Pracel,a word from ancient Portuguese.From blade-shaped,comma-shaped to horn-shaped and cone-shaped,the variations in their drawing of Pracel zones on the maps reflect Europeans’evolving understanding of the hydrogeographic conditions in the western part of the South China Sea.According to the European maps and explanatory texts accompanying them,the word“Pracel”used to stand for islands or archipelagos;only in the middle and latter half of the 17th century did the word“Pracel”come to refer specifically to the dangerous zones.By investigating the European maps in the early modern Europe,this paper aims to clarify the variations in the referential relations between dangerous zones and the word“Pracel”,which is conducive to counter the fallacious claim of Vietnamese academic circles that arbitrarily relates Pracel to the Paracel Islands based on relevant ancient maps.Furthermore,it provides historical evidence to defend China’s sovereignty over the Paracel Islands.

关 键 词：欧洲人 南海 危险区 Pracel 越南 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]