额尔齐斯河流域河谷林种子植物区系特征研究  

Floristic characteristics of seed plant species in valley forests of the Irtysh River basin in Xinjiang

作　　者：曲梦君 雷训 赵航 朱威霖 邵帅 薛玉洁 王健铭 李景文[1] 尚策[1] Qu Mengjun;Lei Xun;Zhao Hang;Zhu Weilin;Shao Shuai;Xue Yujie;Wang Jianming;Li Jingwen;Shang Ce(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2025年第1期41-51,共11页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32471705);额尔齐斯河流域生态系统与生物多样性调查项目(2021xjkk0600)。

摘　　要：基于第三次新疆综合科学考察的实地调查数据,整理了额尔齐斯河流域河谷林种子植物名录,并对河谷林种子植物物种多样性及区系特征进行了系统分析。结果显示,额尔齐斯河流域河谷林共记录种子植物55科228属403种,分别占新疆种子植物科、属、种总数的48.67%、29.73%、10.84%,植物多样性相对丰富。河谷林草本植物种类丰富,占种子植物总数的80.40%,乔木物种较单一,其中杨柳科是群落优势建群科和特征科,灌木植物缺乏是该区重要特点。河谷林种子植物区系组成及来源复杂,科和属的分布区类型以世界广布最多,分别为科、属总数的60.00%和19.74%,科和属的温带性成分占非世界广布类型的59.09%和92.90%,以温带成分占明显优势。河谷林具有明显的过渡特征,反映在物种层面既有适应干旱环境的旱生或超旱生植物,又有适应山地森林、草甸和湿地的植物的过渡性特征,因此,河谷林是区域重要的植物种库,保护价值高。依据群落物种组成、优势树种和地形地貌差异,建群种组成差异及干扰程度,可将河谷林划分为山前河谷林与山地河谷林两个类型。Based on a field survey conducted during the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition,this study compiled a comprehensive list of seed plants in the valley forests of the Irtysh River basin in Xinjiang and analyzed their floristic characteristics using floristic geography methods.Results identified 403 seed plants belonging to 55 families and 228 genera,representing 48.67%,29.73%,and 10.84%of seed plant families,genera,and species in Xinjiang,respectively,highlighting rich plant diversity.Herbaceous plants dominated the flora,accounting for 80.40%of the total species,whereas tree species were relatively limited,with Salicaceae serving as the dominant constructive and characteristic family within the communities.Furthermore,shrubs were notably absent,representing an important aspect of the valley forests.Geographically,the families and genera were classified into seven and 25 distribution types,respectively,with 59.09%of non-cosmopolitan families and 92.90%of non-cosmopolitan genera exhibiting temperate distribution patterns.The interaction between plant species and environmental factors has resulted in transitional adaptations,including xerophytes and hyper-xerophytes suited to arid conditions and cold-adapted hygrophytes thriving in mountain forests and alpine meadows.These valley forests act as a crucial regional species pool with significant conservation value.Moreover,the study also revealed that valley forests can be classified as piedmont or mountain according to community composition,dominant tree species,topography,and geomorphology.

关 键 词：额尔齐斯河流域 河谷林 种子植物 区系组成 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]