2013—2022年河北省麻疹病例免疫史及临床特征分析  

Analysis of immunization history and clinical characteristics of measles cases in Hebei Province,2013—2022

作　　者：许晓萌 孙丽[1] 崔世恒 李静[1] 王亚菲[1] 王晶辉[1] XU Xiaomeng;SUN Li;CUI Shiheng;LI Jing;WANG Yafei;WANG Jinghui(Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang,Hebei O50021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第1期50-54,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20210680)。

摘　　要：目的通过对2013—2022年河北省麻疹病例含麻疹成分疫苗(measles-containing vaccine,MCV)免疫史进行分析,探讨MCV免疫史与麻疹流行特点及临床特征之间的关系,为完善麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法资料来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统监测报告管理系统”,以发病日期为2013年1月—2022年12月的河北省麻疹病例个案信息为依据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析麻疹病例MCV免疫史及临床特征情况。结果2013—2022年河北省共报告12131例麻疹病例,其中无MCV免疫史者最多,为5733例。麻疹病例MCV累计免疫率为22.26%(1642/7375),其中13~<18岁病例免疫率最高(80.68%,71/88),≥18岁病例免疫率最低(11.20%,96/857)。76.06%(1147/1508)有明确接种时间的麻疹病例发病时间距MCV末剂接种时间在2周以上。所有年龄组中有MCV免疫史的病例咳嗽的发生率均低于无免疫史病例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除7~<13岁年龄组外,其他年龄组中有MCV免疫史的病例卡他性鼻炎和结膜炎的发生率均低于无免疫史病例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除13~<18岁年龄组外,其他年龄组中有MCV免疫史的病例口腔黏膜斑的发生率均低于无免疫史病例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~<7岁年龄组中有MCV免疫史的病例关节炎/关节疼痛的发生率低于无免疫史病例,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.950,P=0.026);7~<13岁年龄组中有MCV免疫史的病例淋巴结肿大(9.94%)高于无免疫史病例(2.53%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.225,P=0.040)。结论2013—2022年河北省麻疹病例中主要为无免疫史和免疫史不详者。适龄儿童达到MCV相应剂次的接种年龄时,应尽早接种。Objective To analyze the measles-containing vaccine(MCV)immunization history of measles cases in Hebei Province from 2013 to 2022 and explore the relationships between the immunization history of MCV and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles to provide a scientific basis for improving measles prevention and control measures.Methods The data on measles cases reported in Hebei Province from 2013 through 2022 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to explore the immunization history and clinical characteristics of measles cases.Results A total of 12131 measles cases were reported in Hebei Province from 2013 through 2022,among which the largest number were those without MCV immunization history(5733 cases).The cumulative MCV immunization rate among measles cases was 22.26%(1642/7375),with the immunization rate in the 13-<18 years old was the highest(80.68%,71/88),and the immunization rate of 18 years old and above was the lowest(11.20%,96/857).Among the cases with a clear vaccination time,76.06%(1147/1508)had an onset of illness two weeks or more after the last dose of MCV vaccination.In all age groups,the incidence of cough in the group with MCV immunization history was lower than that in the group without MCV immunization history(P<0.05).Except for the 7-<13 age group,the incidences of catarrhal rhinitis and conjunctivitis in the group with MCV immunization history were lower than that in the group without MCV immunization history(P<0.05).Except for the 13-<18 age group,the incidence of oral mucous plaque in the group with MCV immunization history was lower than that in the group without MCV immunization history(P<0.05).In 3-<7 age groups,the incidence of arthritis/joint pain in the group with MCV immunization history was lower than that in the group without MCV immunization history(χ^(2)=4.950,P=0.026).In 7-<13 age groups,the incidence of lymphadenopathy in the group with MCV immunization history(9.94%

关 键 词：麻疹病例 含麻疹成分疫苗 免疫史 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]