移动通信的多址接入技术及演进  

The Multiple Access Technology and Evolution of Mobile Communication

作　　者：董立成 安海龙 刘宝殿 王俊青 姜雪 DONG Licheng;AN Hailong;LIU Baodian;WANG Junqing;JIANG Xue(Potin(Beijing)Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing,100096,China)

机构地区：[1]博鼎实华(北京)技术有限公司,北京100096

出　　处：《长江信息通信》2025年第1期28-32,共5页Changjiang Information & Communications

摘　　要：随着移动通信技术的快速发展,多址接入技术已成为实现多用户同时通信的关键技术之一。文章深入探讨了多址接入技术的基本原理、发展历程以及在5G和未来6G中的应用前景。文章首先回顾了从第一代至第五代移动通信技术中多址接入技术的演进,包括FDMA、TDMA、CDMA、OFDMA等关键技术,并分析了每种技术的优缺点。文章对m序列的生成原理和性质进行了仿真实验研究,揭示了其在多址技术中的应用价值。在蜂窝网络容量分析中,通过数学推导和案例计算,明确了影响蜂窝容量的主要因素,并验证了CDMA在固定多址接入方式中具有最大的蜂窝容量。聚焦于5G中的非正交多址接入技术(NOMA),包括稀疏码多址接入(SCMA)、功率域多址接入(PDMA)和多用户共享接入(MUSA),分析了它们的信号结构和多用户接收策略,并展望了6G时代多址接入技术的发展方向,如自适应调制编码技术、网络切片技术、空分复用技术和全球卫星通信系统(NGSO)。With the rapid development of mobile communication technology,multiple access technology has become one of the key technologies for achieving simultaneous communication among multiple users.This article delves into the basic principles,development history,and application prospects of multiple access technology in 5G and future 6G.The article first reviews the evolution of multiple access technology in mobile communication from the first generation to the fifth generation,including key technologies such as FDMA,TDMA,CDMA,OFDMA,etc.,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.This article conducts simulation experiments on the generation principle and properties of m-sequences,revealing their application value in multiple access technology.In the analysis of cellular network capacity,the main factors affecting cellular capacity were identified through mathematical derivation and case calculations,and it was verified that CDMA has the maximum cellular capacity in fixed multiple access methods.Focusing on Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)technologies in 5G,including Sparse Code Multiple Access(SCMA),Power Domain Multiple Access(PDMA),and Multi User Shared Access(MUSA),this paper analyzes their signal structures and multi-user reception strategies,and looks forward to the development direction of multi access technologies in the 6G era,such as adaptive modulation coding technology,network slicing technology,space division multiplexing technology,and Global Satellite Communication System(NGSO).

关 键 词：移动通信技术 多址接入技术 非正交多址接入技术 6G 蜂窝网络容量 M序列 NOMA SCMA PDMA MUSA 

分 类 号：TN929.53[电子电信—通信与信息系统]