马尾松林林分结构对松墨天牛成虫生物生态学特性的影响  

Impact of Pinus massoniana forest structure on the bioecological characteristics of Monochamus alternatus adults

作　　者：赵新康 李志红 孙艳 程建新 张威[2] 刘青华[2] 王义平[1] 舒金平[2] ZHAO Xinkang;LI Zhihong;SUN Yan;CHENG Jianxin;ZHANG Wei;LIU Qinghua;WANG Yi-ping;SHU Jinping(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311400,Chi-na;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Hangzhou Huahui Forestry Technology Service Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 311400,China;Forestry Bureau of Longyou,Quzhou 324000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,杭州311400 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400 [3]杭州华绘林业技术服务有限公司,杭州311400 [4]龙游县林业局,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期434-440,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2020C02007)资助。

摘　　要：为探究马尾松林林分结构对松墨天牛成虫生物生态学特性的影响,选取了不同比例的马尾松针阔混交林样地,调查分析马尾松占比及乔灌层植物多样性与松墨天牛羽化量、羽化率、性比及成虫体长的关系。结果表明:松墨天牛羽化高峰为5月下旬至6月上旬,松墨天牛羽化呈现典型的“馒头”型,符合线性模型为y=18.5+21.9x-93x^(2)。林分中马尾松占比对枯死松木中松墨天牛的羽化量有显著影响(P<0.001),单株羽化量随着马尾松占比的提高而显著上升。松墨天牛羽化率与乔灌植物多样性的相关性不显著,而与林中马尾松占比呈极显著线性正相关(y=0.216+0.0525x,R^(2)=0.88,P<0.001)。低、中、高比例马尾松林中松墨天牛雌虫体长无差异,但中比例林分中雄虫体长显著大于低、高比例林中的雄虫体长。本研究证实了马尾松占比对松墨天牛的种群动态及羽化率存在显著的影响,研究结果将有助于我们进一步理解混交林树种配置及结构对植食性昆虫生物学特性的影响,为基于林分改造防控松材线虫病提供了重要信息。To clarify the impact of Pinus massoniana forest structure on the bioecological characteristics of Monochamus alternatus adults,we analyzed the relationship between the proportion of P.massoniana and plant diversity with the eclosion quantity,eclosion rate,sex ratio,and body length of M.alternatus adults in forest plots with different proportions of Pinus massoniana and broad⁃leaved trees.The results showed that the peak of eclosion of M.alternatus occurred from late May to early June.The eclosion curve of M.alternatus adults presented a typical“steamed bread”type,as described by the linear model of y=18.5+21.9x-93x^(2).The proportion of P.massoniana trees in the mixed forest exhibited a significant impact on the number of adults emerged from dead P.massoniana trees(P<0.001).The mean eclosion number of adults per tree increased with increasing proportion of P.massoni⁃ana trees.The eclosion rate of M.alternatus adults was not significantly correlated with plant diversity,but positively correlated with the proportion of P.massoniana trees(y=0.216+0.0525x,R^(2)=0.88,P<0.001).There was no difference in the body length of the female adults among the forests with low,medium,and high proportion of P.massoniana trees.Body length of the male in the forests with medium proportion of P.massoniana trees was signifi⁃cantly longer than that in the forests with low and high proportion of P.massoniana trees.Our results indicated that the proportion of P.massoniana trees in the forests had a significant impact on the population dynamics and eclosion rate of M.alternatus.Our findings will help further understand the impact of tree species configuration and structure in mixed forests on the biological characteristics of herbivorous insects,providing important information for the prevention and control of pine wilt disease based on forest manipulation.

关 键 词：松墨天牛 马尾松 羽化率 植物多样性 林分结构 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]