滇南异龙湖流域近150年森林火灾史及其驱动因素  

Recent 150⁃year forest fire history and its driving factors in Yilong Lake catchment,southern Yunnan

作　　者：王敏[1] 孙启发 李希进 蒙红卫 黄林培[1] 沈才明[1] WANG Min;SUN Qifa;LI Xijin;MENG Hongwei;HUANG Linpei;SHEN Caiming(Yunnan Key Labo-ratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes,Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal Uni-versity,Kunming 650500,China;College of Resources,Environment and Chemistry,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong 675000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期441-450,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41372191,42177437);云南省基础研究重点项目(202101AS070006);云南省科技人才与平台计划(202305AM070002);云南师范大学博士后科研启动项目、云南师范大学地理学部博士后基金(YNNU⁃FG⁃201);云南师范大学地理学部开放基金(YNNU⁃FG⁃202)资助。

摘　　要：重建森林火灾历史有助于对森林火灾发生规律及其驱动机制进行理解。滇南异龙湖37 cm湖泊岩芯沉积物的炭屑和花粉记录提供了湖泊流域过去150年森林火灾史和植被、气候背景,结合过去人口数量的变化,本研究探讨了异龙湖流域森林火灾发生规律及其控制因素。结果表明,异龙湖流域地区性森林火灾发生频率在过去150年(1886—2013 AD)呈现总体升高的趋势,在2000—2013 AD达到最高。地方性森林火灾存在1925—1970 AD和1995—2013 AD两个峰值,但引起两个阶段地方性森林火灾频发的原因不同;1925—1970 AD地方性森林火灾的高发主要是因为气候干旱,尽管抗日战争期间的大轰炸也贡献了部分燃烧质炭屑,但并不是主因;1995—2013 AD高发的地方性森林火灾则主要归因于人类活动(如农业生产)。Reconstruction of forest fire history is helpful to understand the patterns of forest fire occurrence and their driving mechanisms.Charcoal and pollen records from 37⁃cm core sediments in Yilong Lake of southern Yunnan provide information for forest fire history as well as vegetational and climatic background over the past 150 years.These data combined with population data were then used to reveal the pattern of forest fire occurrence and its con⁃trolling factors.The results showed that the pattern of regional forest fires in the Yilong Lake catchment exhibited an increasing trend over the past 150 years(1886-2013 AD),with its maxima at 2000-2013 AD.The two peaks of local forest fires occurred at 1925-1970 AD and 1995-2013 AD,respectively,but caused by different factors.The high frequency of local forest fires in 1925-1970 AD was largely attributed to dry climatic conditions,while the heavy bombing on Yunnan during the Anti⁃Japanese War partially contributed to burning charcoals.The high fre⁃quency of local forest fires in 1995-2013 AD was primarily attributed to strong human activities(e.g.,agricultural production).

关 键 词：异龙湖流域 炭屑 花粉 森林火灾 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]