潮间带大型藻类响应季节变化的脂质重塑特征  

Lipid remodeling of intertidal macroalgae in response to seasonal variations

作　　者：杨淼 张之琪 谢玺[2] 雷恒萍 徐欣悦 牛钰姝 王庆志[2] 宫正[1] YANG Miao;ZHANG Zhiqi;XIE Xi;LEI Hengping;XU Xinyue;NIU Yushu;WANG Qingzhi;GONG Zheng(Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province,School of Life Sciences,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,Liaoning,China;Dalian Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Marine Shellfish,Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁省植物生物技术重点实验室,辽宁大连116081 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连市海产贝类种质资源创新利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期521-529,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：辽宁师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202310165060);辽宁省教育厅项目(LJKQZ20222365);横向科技项目(H2022011)资助。

摘　　要：脂肪酸对环境变化非常敏感,常作为生物适应多变环境的生态指示因子。查明常年性大型海藻脂质重塑的季节特征,对于理解潮间带大型海藻如何应对环境压力至关重要。本文考察了大连黑石礁岩相潮间带周年常见的3种海藻,包括红藻门的日本马泽藻(Mazzaella japonica)和新松节藻(Neorhodomela munita)以及绿藻门的孔石莼(Ulva lactuca),在2022年2月(冬)、7月(夏)、10月(秋)和2023年2月(冬)的脂肪酸组成和含量变化,对比分析了3种海藻脂肪酸不饱和度与ω⁃3/ω⁃6脂肪酸含量特征,并发掘了大型海藻响应季节变异的脂肪酸标志物。结果表明:2022年2月—2023年2月,三种大型海藻的脂肪酸总量及其季节波动强度均为日本马泽藻<新松节藻<孔石莼,其中孔石莼的脂肪酸总量在2023年2月分别为日本马泽藻和新松节藻的2.3和1.7倍,三者的脂肪酸总量均随采样季节呈现冬高夏低的变化趋势;三种大型海藻的脂肪酸组成也都随季节发生显著变化,其中饱和脂肪酸C16:0和主要的ω⁃6系脂肪酸相对丰度在高温季节显著增加且在低温季节显著降低,主要的ω⁃3系脂肪酸相对丰度的变化趋势则与之相反;不同门类大型海藻响应季节变化的脂肪酸标志物不同,其中红藻门的日本马泽藻和新松节藻均为饱和脂肪酸C16:0以及多不饱和脂肪酸C20:4n6和C20:5n3,绿藻门的孔石莼则为饱和脂肪酸C16:0以及多不饱和脂肪酸C16:4n3、C18:3n3和C18:4n3。研究结果为深入认识潮间带大型海藻响应季节变异的脂质重塑原理和潜在优质海藻资源发掘利用提供科学依据。Fatty acids are sensitive to environmental changes,and have been considered as ecological bioindicators to environmental alterations.It is critical to decipher the traits of lipid remodeling in perennial macroalgae with sea⁃sons,which could contribute to understanding how the intertidal macroalgae respond to environmental stresses.We investigated three common macroalgae,including Mazzaella japonica(Rhodophyta),Neorhodomela munita(Rho⁃dophyta)and Ulva lactuca(Chlorophyta),which were distributed in the rocky intertidal zone of the Heishi Reef,Dalian,China.The changes in composition and content of fatty acids in the three macroalgae were compared during February(winter),July(summer),October(fall)2022,and February(winter)2023.The fatty acid unsatura⁃tion and the content ratio ofω⁃3/ω⁃6 fatty acids were further analyzed,while the potential fatty acid biomarkers in each macroalga in response to seasonal variations were uncovered.The results showed that total fatty acid contents and their seasonal fluctuation degrees in the three macroalgae were ranked as M.japonica<N.munita<U.lactuca during February 2022 and February 2023.The content of the total fatty acids in U.lactuca collected on February 2023 was 2.3⁃and 1.7⁃fold of that in M.japonica and N.munita,respectively.The total fatty acid contents in all the three macroalgae were high in winter and low in summer,with fatty acid compositions varying with seasons.The relative amounts of the saturated C16:0 and the majorω⁃6 fatty acids increased significantly in the high temperature season(July),and decreased notably in the low temperature season.The relative abundances of the majorω⁃3 fatty acids exhibited an opposite variation trend.The fatty acid biomarkers differed from each other in distinct phyla of macroalgae in response to seasonal changes.The saturated C16:0 together with the polyunsaturated C20:4n6 and C20:5n3 was characterized as the potential bioindicators in M.japonica and N.munita(Rhodophyta).Differently,the saturated C16:0 together with t

关 键 词：潮间带 大型海藻 脂肪酸 脂质重塑 季节变化 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]