高宝邵伯湖鱼类群落结构及多样性特征  

Fish community structure and diversity characteristics in Lake Gaobaoshaobo

作　　者：王奕杨 毛志刚[1,2] 谷孝鸿[1,2] 姚禹佳 曾庆飞[1,2] 陈辉辉 WANG Yiyang;MAO Zhigang;GU Xiaohong;YAO Yujia;ZENG Qingfei;CHEN Huihui(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security,Nanjing Institute of Greography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期538-548,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室自主部署项目(NKL2023⁃KP02);江苏省水利厅科技重大技术攻关项目(2021003);国家自然科学基金项目(32071575)资助。

摘　　要：为更好地了解高宝邵伯湖鱼类群落结构和多样性特征,明确环境因子对鱼类群落的影响,本研究于2022年4、6、9和12月连续4个季度在高宝邵伯湖三个湖区高邮湖、宝应湖和邵伯湖进行鱼类资源调查。调查共采集鱼类48种,隶属于12科36属,其中鲤科鱼类占调查物种总数的70.8%;高宝邵伯湖全湖群落优势种为湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)及鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)等9种鱼类;不同湖区内的优势种组成存在一定的区别,高邮湖和邵伯湖的第一优势种为小型鱼类湖鲚,而宝应湖的第一优势种为大型鱼类鳙;从鱼类多样性的角度来看,高宝邵伯湖鱼类群落的Margalef物种丰富度、Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为1.80~2.20、1.36~1.68和0.61~0.74,总体上处于一般水平;随机森林模型定量分析结果显示,水质污染程度及浮游动物生物量是影响高宝邵伯湖鱼类多样性指数的关键环境因子;与历史资料相比,高宝邵伯湖的鱼类物种数量下降,群落结构改变,但小型化趋势略有缓解。渔业管理的实施、水质和生物饵料资源状况等是高宝邵伯湖渔业资源变化的主要影响因素。To clarify fish community structure and diversity in Lake Gaobaoshaobo and the effects of environmental factors on fish community,we conducted fish resource surveys in four consecutive seasons(April,June,Septem⁃ber,and December 2022)in three lake regions of Lake Gaobaoshaobo:Lake Gaoyou,Lake Baoying,and Lake Shaobo.A total of 48 fish species(which belonged to 12 families and 36 orders)were collected,among which Cyp⁃riniformes accounted for 70.8%of the total species captured.There were nine dominant species,including Coilia ectenes taihuensis,Carassius auratus,Aristichthys nobilis,Culter dabryi,and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix.How⁃ever,there were differences in the composition and dominance of dominant species among the lake areas.The pre⁃dominant species in Lake Gaoyou and Lake Shaobo was Coilia ectenes taihuensis,and was Aristichthys nobilis in Lake Baoying.From the perspective of fish diversity,the Margalef species richness,Shannon index,and Pielou in⁃dex of the fish community of Lake Gaobaoshaobo were 1.80-2.20,1.36-1.68,and 0.61-0.74,respectively.The quantitative analysis results of Random Forests showed that the degree of water pollution and zooplankton biomass were the main factors leading to the differences in the fish diversity indices of Lake Gaobaoshaobo.In comparison with historical data,the number of fish species in Lake Gaobaoshaobo has declined and the composition of fish re⁃sources has changed,but the trend of fish miniaturization has slightly eased.The implementation of fishery management,water quality,and bio⁃food resources were the potential major factors for the changes of fishery resources in Lake Gaobaoshaobo.

关 键 词：高宝邵伯湖 鱼类群落组成 优势种 环境因子 鱼类多样性 随机森林 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]