海洋渔业生态损害补偿研究进展  

Review on compensation for ecological damage to marine fisheries

作　　者：张琥顺 仲霞铭[1] 王燕平[1] 熊瑛[1] 李冬佳 吴晓睿 梁龙 王淑艳 ZHANG Hushun;ZHONG Xiaming;WANG Yanping;XIONG Ying;LI Dongjia;WU Xiaorui;LIANG Long;WANG Shuyan(Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong 226007,Jiangsu,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean Uni-versity,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期654-661,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：南通市科技重点项目(MS12022008);国家自然科学基金项目(31802297)资助。

摘　　要：确立科学客观、操作性强的渔业生态损害补偿制度是实现海洋渔业资源可持续开发的重要保障。本文从来源、受体及定量方法等3个角度归纳了渔业生态损害补偿的研究现状,系统阐述了围填海、海洋建设工程、海上溢油、非法捕捞等人类活动对海洋生态系统中生物性受体和非生物性受体的影响,分析了基于不同原理的模型在量化渔业生态损害时的适用性和局限性。同时,基于渔业生态系统的复杂性与动态特征,指出了当前我国渔业生态损害补偿体系存在差异化定量、补偿金的核算、执行效果以及修复措施的持续跟进等问题,并据此提出未来我国海洋渔业生态损害补偿制度的可能发展方向。本研究将有助于推进我国海洋生态文明的建设进程,同时为渔业生态损害补偿的有关研究深入提供科学参考。Establishing a scientific,objective,and highly operational compensation mechanism for fisheries ecologi⁃cal damage will contribute to the sustainable development of marine fishery.Here,we summarized the research advances of compensation mechanism of ecological damage to marine fishery from three perspectives,namely sources,receptors,and quantitative methods.We systematically formulated the effects of human activities,such as reclamation,marine construction projects,marine oil spills,and illegal fishing,on biological and non⁃biological receptors in the marine ecosystems.Moreover,we analyzed the applicability and limitations of models based on dif⁃ferent principles in quantifying ecological damage in the fishery.Based on the complexity and dynamics of fishery ecosystems,we pointed out the problems in the compensation system of fishery ecological damage,such as differen⁃tiations in quantification,compensation accounting and implementation effect,and the subsequent discontinuity of restoration measures.We further proposed development directions of the compensation system of marine fishery eco⁃logical damage.This review will help promote the construction process of marine ecological civilization in China,and provide sound reference for the further studies on fishery ecological damage compensation.

关 键 词：渔业资源 生态损害补偿 损害量化 生态修复 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]