基于H3六边形格网的水文分析算法  

Hydrological Analysis Algorithm Based on H3 Hexagonal Grid

作　　者：赵含旭 王磊[1] 宋志学 章鹏飞 张子昕 殷楠 ZHAO Hanxu;WANG Lei;SONG Zhixue;ZHANG Pengfei;ZHANG Zixin;YIN Nan(School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Hunan Communications Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,焦作454000 [2]湖南省交通科学研究院有限公司,长沙410000

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2025年第2期479-490,共12页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801318);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2023GGJS054);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2018XQG-03);河南理工大学博士基金项目(B2017-14)。

摘　　要：【目的】流域水文信息提取对于水资源管理、洪水预警和生态保护至关重要。传统水文建模多采用四边形格网进行空间离散化,但由于其邻接性不统一、形状失真和拓扑结构表示不准确等问题,导致流域提取时容易在细节处出现阶梯状及平行河流线条,尤其在河流的弯曲和分叉点处更为明显。相比之下,六边形格网因其各向同性、较好的边界效果和均匀的空间分布等优势,能够更好地保持曲线和分叉点的形态,准确地模拟水文过程和提取流域。【方法】本文基于H3六边形格网系统,以韭园沟流域为研究区,使用分辨率为30 m的SRTM 1数字高程模型(DEM),通过六边形格网生成、DEM重采样、填洼、流向分析、流量累积等步骤,设计了一套基于六边形格网的水文分析算法,并对流量累积和河网提取的数据质量进行评价与分析。首先,本文通过统计流量值1~15的六边形格网与四边形格网所占其格网总数的百分比,结果表明六边形格网在低流量值范围内表现更为集中,在流量值增加时保持更稳定的累积频数增长,避免在高流量值范围内出现过度集中的情况。此外,以更高分辨率(12.5 m)的韭园沟流域河网作为标准河网,将河流线段按长度比例随机选取100、200、300、400、500个点,计算其到最近的四边形格网和六边形格网的平均距离,得到2种方法提取河网的平均偏移量。【结果】结果显示四边形格网的平均偏移量分别为28.16、30.45、30.57、30.84、30.79 m,六边形格网的平均偏移量为24.03、25.63、23.49、23.78、24.99 m,六边形格网的平均偏移量均小于四边形格网,表明其具有更高的河网提取精度,能更好地反映地形特征。【结论】综上,与传统四边形格网相比,六边形格网在流量累积、河网提取方面,展现出更高的空间一致性和精确性,为水文模拟和流域分析提供了一种更高效、更准确的解决方案�[Objectives]The extraction of watershed hydrological information is crucial for water resource management,flood forecasting,and ecological protection.Traditional hydrological modeling often employs quadrilateral grids for spatial discretization.However,due to issues such as inconsistent adjacency,shape distortion,and inaccurate representation of topological structures,watershed extraction often results in staircase-like and parallel river line features in finer details,especially at curved sections and bifurcation points of rivers.In contrast,hexagonal grids,with their isotropy,improved boundary effects,and uniform spatial distribution,are better at preserving the morphology of curves and bifurcation points.They thereby enable more accurate simulation of hydrological processes and watershed extraction.[Methods]This study adopts the H3 hexagonal grid system,using the Jiuyuangou watershed as the study area.A 30-meter resolution SRTM 1 Digital Elevation Model(DEM)was used to design a hydrological analysis algorithm based on hexagonal grids.The methodology includes hexagonal grid generation,DEM resampling,depression filling,flow direction analysis,and flow accumulation.The quality of flow accumulation and river network extraction was evaluated.Firstly,the study compared the percentage of hexagonal and quadrilateral grids contributing to total grids across flow values ranging from 1 to 15.Results showed that hexagonal grids demonstrated greater concentration in low flow values and maintained more stable cumulative frequency growth with increasing flow values,avoiding over-concentration in high flow value ranges.Additionally,a higher-resolution Jiuyuangou river network(12.5 m)was used as the standard river network.Points were randomly sampled in proportion to the river line segment length at intervals of 100,200,300,400,and 500 points.The average distance to the nearest quadrilateral and hexagonal grids was then calculated.[Results]The results show that the average offsets for quadrilateral grids were 28.16 m,30.45 m,3

关 键 词：H3六边形格网 数字高程模型 水文分析 填洼 流向分析 流量累积 河网提取 偏移量对比 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]