黄河“几字弯”的地理界定及主要生态问题  

Geographical boundary line of the Yellow River's ‘Ji Zi Bend’ and its main ecological issues

作　　者：刘任涛[1,2,3] 程静 LIU Ren-tao;CHENG Jing(School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021 [2]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [3]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021 [4]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第2期383-394,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360318);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC01002);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG03007);宁夏科技创新团队项目(2021RXTDLX01);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024FRDO5049)资助。

摘　　要：黄河“几字弯”区域范围由于定位和目标及研究内容不同而导致界定不统一。根据黄河“几字弯”地理位置及其在国家战略布局中的生态区位,本文将黄河“几字弯”界定为:西至“几”字形起始点兰州市,东至“几”字形终点三门峡市,北至包头市区北缘,南至三门峡市南缘,形成一个覆盖黄河中上游,涵盖甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区、陕西省、山西省和河南省6省区24市的分布区域,包括西北部荒漠区、东南部水土流失区、黄河两岸湿地和冲积平原区,国土面积6.04×10^(5)km^(2),人口约6.01×10^(7)人。主要的生态问题是:水资源短缺、分布不均衡,且极端天气事件频发;水沙失衡、调控能力不足,水土流失严重;土地沙漠化加剧,土地利用效率与土地生态安全间矛盾突出;能源开发利用与脆弱生态保护矛盾突出,土地退化和环境污染严重。主要原因是:自然禀赋条件差、本底生态脆弱,沙漠化、水土流失的历史烙印,气候变化和人类活动的双重驱动,资源开发利用强度增加与区域发展不协调等。该区域脆弱生态恢复治理应注意:加强水资源管理配置,提升防灾减灾能力,积极应对气候变化;因地制宜、分类施策,提高生态系统质量,促进脆弱生态恢复与保护;加强政策协调、管理协同,促进系统治理恢复。未来需要立足于生态保护,聚焦能源资源绿色开发,推动生物多样性保护的科技创新,强化生物多样性与生态产业、绿色发展深度融合,培育新质生产力,助力打赢打好黄河“几字弯”生态保护攻坚战。Due to different positions, goals, and research contents, there was no consistent geographical boundary line on Yellow River's 'Ji Zi Bend'. On the basis of geographical location and key ecological position within the national strategic layout, we defined Yellow River's 'Ji Zi Bend' as the geographical boundary lines of “Ji-shaped” area, which started from Lanzhou City on the west till Sanmenxia City on the east, and from Baotou City on the north till the southern fringe of Sanmenxia City, forming a distribution area of the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River. The area covers 24 cities in six provinces, including Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, and Henan Province. It includes desertified regions in northwestern area, and soil and water loss regions in southeastern area, as well as wetland and alluvial plain alongside both sides of Yellow River, with an area of about 6.04×10^(5) km^(2) and a population of 6.01×10^(7) persons. The main ecological issues in this region are as below: scarcity and uneven distribution of water resources together with frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events;unequilibrium and poor regulation of water and sand together with serous soil and water loss;great desertification intensification and conflict between land utilization efficiency and ecological security;the conflict between energy resource exploitation and fragile ecological protection;land degradation and environmental pollution. The reasons for these aforementioned issues include: poor natural resources, and susceptible ecological conditions;history brand of desertification and soil and water loss in recent hundred years;the coupling drivers of climate change and human perturbation;the imbalance between increasing intensity of resource exploitation and utilization and regional development. More attention needs to be paid, including: enhancing management and configuration of water resources and the ability of prevention and reducti

关 键 词：黄河“几字弯” 地理界定 生态问题 生态保护 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]