干旱绿洲区3种常见绿化树种的水分利用来源  

Water sources of three common greening tree species in arid oasis regions

作　　者：阿地来·赛提尼亚孜 何峻岭 比拉力·依明 巨喜锋 巴贺贾依娜尔·铁木尔别克[3] 王鹏年 张琦 魏彦强 赵武 刘莉茗[4] ADILAI Saitiniyazi;HE Junling;BILALI Yiming;JU Xifeng;BAHEJIAYINAER Tiemuerbieke;WANG Pengnian;ZHANG Qi;WEI Yanqiang;ZHAO Wu;LIU Liming(Urumqi Comprehensive Survey Center on Natural Resources,China Geological Survey,Urumqi 830057,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yili Normal University,Yili 835000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of the Ministry of Education,College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;Land and Resources Information Center in Hubei Province,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,乌鲁木齐830057 [2]伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院,新疆伊犁835000 [3]新疆大学生态与环境学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017 [4]湖北省国土资源资料馆,武汉430071

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第2期437-444,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32460279);兵地融合发展重点地区生态修复综合调查项目(DD20230484);干旱绿洲区生态地质环境监测评价关键技术研究项目(KC20230016);新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才项目(2023TCYCQNBS01)资助。

摘　　要：干旱区水资源短缺背景下,了解干旱绿洲区主要绿化树种水分利用来源,能为该地区城市绿化植被建设及水资源利用提供参考。本研究以塔里木盆地西缘喀什地区3种主要绿化树种(法国梧桐、白榆、刺槐)为对象,通过测定各树种枝条木质部水和各潜在水源的稳定氧同位素值(δ^(18)O)及叶片稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C),量化树种的水分来源比例并分析其水分利用效率。结果表明:法国梧桐的水分来源多样化,主要利用地下水、河水和不同深度的土壤水,三者利用比例相对均衡,地下水占23.0%,河水占20.7%,0~60 cm深度土壤水占19.0%,200~300 cm深度土壤水占19.6%;白榆和刺槐主要依赖土壤水,其中白榆主要利用0~60 cm深度的土壤水(占比55.2%),而刺槐主要利用0~140 cm深度土壤水(占比61.3%)。刺槐叶片的δ^(13)C值(26.0‰)略高于白榆(28.0‰)和法国梧桐(27.4‰),表明刺槐水分利用效率高于其他树种。在干旱条件下,法国梧桐能够通过利用土壤水、地下水和河水减缓水分压力,而白榆和刺槐主要依赖土壤水且吸水深度有重叠,需避免两个种混交产生水分竞争。In the context of water scarcity, understanding the water sources of major afforestation species would provide a reference for urban greening and water resource management in arid oasis areas. Taking three key tree species of afforestation, Platanus orientalis, Ulmus pumila, and Robinia pseudoacacia, in the Kashgar region on the western edge of Tarim Basin as objects, we analyzed the stable oxygen isotope values(δ^(18)O) of xylem water from branches and their potential water sources, along with stable carbon isotope values(δ^(13)C) of leaves, to determine the proportion of different water sources for each species and assess their water use efficiency(WUE). The results showed that P. orientalis exhibited diverse water source utilization, with a relative balance distribution among groundwater, river water, and soil water at varying depths(23.0% of groundwater, 20.7% of river water, 19.0% of depth soil water 0-60 cm, 19.6% of depth soil water 200-300 cm). In contrast, U. pumila and R. pseudoacacia relied more on soil water. U. pumila accessed soil water at depth of 0-60 cm(55.2%), while R. pseudoacacia utilized water from the depth of 0-140 cm(61.3%). The foliar δ^(13)C values of R. pseudoacacia(26.0‰) were higher than that of P. orientalis(28.0‰) and U. pumila(27.4‰), indicating higher WUE. Under the drought condition, P. orientalis exhibited resilience by using soil water, groundwater, and river water. In contrast, U. pumila and R. pseudoacacia were constrained to soil water and had overlapping water absorption depths. It is necessary to avoid water competition between the two species in mixed planatation.

关 键 词：干旱绿洲区 绿化树种 水分来源 δ^(18)O δ^(13)C 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]