生草栽培对油茶林土壤肥力及活性碳组分的影响  

Effects of grass cultivation on soil fertility and labile carbon fractions in Camellia oleifera forests

作　　者：彭璞 贾剑波 陆佳[1,2,3] 彭邵锋 李宇虹[1,2,3] 卢梦琪 李弛 PENG Pu;JIA Jianbo;LU Jia;PENG Shaofeng;LI Yuhong;LU Mengqi;LI Chi(Central South Forestry University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Lutou Forest Ecosystem National Positional Observatory,Yueyang 414000,Hunan,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control of Hunan Higher Education,Central South Forestry University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Shennong Guoyou Ecological Agriculture Development Co.Ltd.,Leiyang 421800,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,长沙410004 [2]湖南芦头森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,湖南岳阳414000 [3]中南林业科技大学水土保持与荒漠化防治湖南省高等学校重点实验室,长沙410004 [4]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004 [5]湖南神农国油生态农业发展有限公司,湖南耒阳421800

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第2期504-512,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：湖南省林业科技项目(XLK202401);湖南省重点研发项目(2023SK2055);国家自然科学基金项目(42377283);湖南省教育厅青年项目(22B0264);湖南神农国油油茶产业科技创新创业团队项目(湘人才发[2022]9号)资助。

摘　　要：探究不同生草栽培模式下油茶林土壤综合肥力和活性碳组分特征可为油茶优化管理提供一定的科学参考。本研究基于连续3年的田间定位试验,以清耕为对照,设置生草栽培大豆、白三叶、油葵、波斯菊处理,研究了不同生草栽培模式对表层土壤(0~20 cm)的理化性质、综合肥力指数、碳库管理指数、活性碳组分和单株产量的影响。结果表明:与清耕相比,生草栽培显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤有机碳、硝态氮、全钾和速效钾含量;波斯菊和白三叶处理的综合肥力指数显著增加,分别较清耕提高了22.4%和14.0%。波斯菊和白三叶处理对土壤有机碳的增幅最显著,分别提高了30.1%和19.3%;波斯菊和白三叶处理显著提高了碳库管理指数,而大豆和油葵处理则显著降低。波斯菊和油葵处理的油茶单株产量显著高于清耕,增幅分别为19.1%和21.9%。相关性分析和偏最小二乘路径模型表明,生草栽培通过显著改变土壤理化特性和提高活性碳含量,有效提高了果实产量。综上,生草栽培能有效提升油茶土壤养分和果实产量,从提高土壤肥力的角度,波斯菊和白三叶处理较适宜作为油茶林的生草栽培植物。Exploring the characteristics of soil fertility and labile carbon fractions under different cover crop cultivation modes can provide scientific references for optimizing management of Camellia oleifera forests. We conducted a three-year field experiment with cover crop of Glycine max(DD), Trifolium repens(SY), Helianthus annuus(YK), Cosmos bipinnatus(BJ), with clean tillage as the control(CK), to investigate the changes of physical and chemical properties of topsoil(0-20 cm), the integrated fertility index(IFI), carbon pool management index, labile carbon fractions, and the yield per plant. The results showed that grass cultivation significantly reduced soil bulk density(BD) and increased the content of soil organic carbon(SOC), nitrate-nitrogen, total potassium, and available potassium. Compared with that under clear tillage, the IFIs of BJ and SY increased by 22.4% and 14.0%, respectively. The most significant increase in SOC were observed in BJ and SY, which were 30.1% and 19.3%, respectively. BJ and SY significantly increased but DD and YK significantly decreased carbon pool management index. Moreover, the yield per plant of BJ and YK was much higher than that of clear tillage, with an increase of 19.1% and 21.9%, respectively. Results of correlation analysis and partial least squares path model showed that grass cultivation significantly changed soil physical and chemical properties and increased labile carbon content, which effectively increased fruit yield. In short, grass cultivation could effectively improve soil nutrients and fruit yield. From the perspective of improving soil fertility, BJ and SY were more suitable for grass cultivation in C. olei-fera forests.

关 键 词：生草栽培 活性碳组分 综合肥力指数 碳库管理指数 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]