淮河安徽干流刀鲚的摄食习性及其影响因素  

Feeding habits and influencing factors of Coilia nasus in the main stream of the Huaihe River in Anhui, China

作　　者：王子欣 周彦锋[2] 徐俊伟 沈独清 姜月 王驰 蒋圣琪 薛莹[1] WANG Zixin;ZHOU Yanfeng;XU Junwei;SHEN Duqing;JIANG Yue;WANG Chi;JIANG Shengqi;XUE Ying(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China;Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第2期596-604,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：安徽省重点水域水生生物资源监测项目(ZF2021-18-0786)资助。

摘　　要：刀鲚是淮河流域的优势鱼类之一,具有较高的生态和经济价值,开展其摄食生态的研究对于深入解析其生活史特征具有重要意义。本研究基于2023年春季和秋季在淮河安徽干流采集的474尾刀鲚样品,对其食物组成、摄食强度、摄食策略以及受环境因子的影响等进行了分析。结果表明:淮河安徽干流刀鲚主要以十足类、桡足类、枝角类等14个类群的饵料生物为食,其中秀丽白虾和真剑水蚤是其优势饵料生物。刀鲚的个体重量、栖息地的水温、浊度、透明度及水深对其摄食习性均有极显著影响,溶解氧对食物组成也有显著影响。不同体长组刀鲚间的空胃率差异极显著,而平均胃饱满指数的差异不显著。不同季节间的空胃率差异不显著,但平均胃饱满指数差异极显著。研究表明,刀鲚是偏动物性饵料的广食性鱼类,个体间食物组成存在一定的差异。Coilia nasus is one of the dominant fish species in the Huaihe River basin, with significant ecological and economic values. Research in feeding ecology is a great step towards deep understanding its life history. We analyzed stomach contents of 474 C. nasus samples collected in the main stream of the Huaihe River in Anhui in May and September of 2023, to investigate the composition of food, feeding intensity, feeding strategies, and the impact of environmental factors on food composition. Results showed that C. nasus in the main stream of the Huaihe River in Anhui primarily feed on 14 groups of prey organisms, such as decapods, copepods, and cladocerans. Exopalaemon modestus and Eucyclops sp. were the dominant prey. Individual weight, water temperature, turbidity, transparency, and water depth significantly affected feeding habits of C. nasus, and dissolved oxygen also had a significant impact. The empty stomach rate differed significantly between length groups, but not among seasons. The average stomach fullness index did not vary between length groups, but varied significantly among seasons. Our results indicated that C. nasus is a generalist predator primarily consuming animal-based prey, with intra-specific differences in food composition.

关 键 词：刀鲚 胃含物分析 淮河 摄食策略 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]