跨国文物追索的法律适用进路  

A Choice of Law Approach to International Cultural Property Recovery

作　　者：张明达 ZHANG Mingda

机构地区：[1]北京市平谷区人民法院

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2025年第1期130-154,158,共26页Journal of International Law

基　　金：2024年国家社科基金文化遗产保护传承研究专项“深化流失文物追索领域国际法治合作研究”(24VWB012)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：文物蕴含丰厚的历史、文化价值,是民族、国家的文化标识,应得到重点关注与专门法律保护。由于法律冲突及域外效力不足,文物返还请求所依据的法律在跨国追索实践中未能得到充分适用。为加强对原物主的权益保护,涉外文物所有权纠纷应推定适用来源地法,并规范“物之所在法”适用的条件。为规范跨境文物贩运,法院应根据既得权理论承认来源国的财产性权利,并依据公共秩序原则强化对来源国文物保护规则的承认与适用。对于文物追索,我国应以文化主权原则为引领,完善文物追索配套法律规范体系,加强对涉外文物诉讼的司法管辖,构建跨国文物追索公益诉讼制度,统筹推进文物保护领域的国内法治和涉外法治。Cultural property,which contains rich historical and cultural value,is the cultural symbol of the nation and the country,and should be given priority attention and special legal protection.Due to the conflicts of laws and the lack of extraterritoriality,the law on which the request for cultural property recovery is based has not been fully applied in international recovery practice.In order to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of the original owners,disputes over the ownership of foreign cultural property should be presumed to be governed by the lex originis and the conditions for the application of the lex rei sitae should be clarified.To regulate international traffcking of cultural property,the court should recognize the property right of the original country according to the doctrine of vested rights,and strengthen the recognition and enforcement of the rules of cultural property protection of the original country on the basis of public order.With regarding to cultural property recovery,China should take the principle of cultural sovereignty as the lead,improve the legal system for cultural property recovery,strengthen its jurisdiction over foreign-related cultural property disputes,build a public interest litigation system for international cultural property recovery,and promote the rule of law at home and in matters involving foreign elements in the field of cultural property protection in a coordinatedmanner.

关 键 词：涉外法治 跨国文物追索 冲突规则 域外效力 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]