藏西医学之灌肠疗法比较研究  

A Comparative Research on the Enema Therapy of Traditional Tibetan Medicine and Modern Medicine

作　　者：克洛才旦 波毛措 Khulo Tsetan;Pakmo Tso(Tibetan Medical College,Qinghai University)

机构地区：[1]青海大学藏医学院

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期141-149,共9页Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)

基　　金：青海大学研究生课程建设项目“藏医妇科学”(qdyk-220305)。

摘　　要：灌肠属于泻治疗法。藏医经典《四部医典》在“坚么则”和“尼如哈”章节详细记载了灌肠药物、实施细则及其适应症。本文系统比较了藏西两种医学体系之灌肠疗法在其发展历史、药物、器械、应用方法及适应症等方面的异同点。从发展历史看,该疗法在藏医学中最早记载于《月王药诊》,在公元八世纪中期广泛应用于西藏,并逐渐传到喜马拉雅南北与蒙古等地区。在西医学中,该疗法最早记载于《希波克拉底文集》,早在公元前四世纪应用于古希腊,而后逐渐传入波斯、阿拉伯等地区。在药物方面,两种医学在药物性质、剂型、分类及作用机制方面均有显著差异。在应用器械方面,西医学应用的器械新颖别致且类别众多。相较而言,藏医学经典中虽只明确提出一款常用灌肠器械,然其在临床实践过程中,根据个体体型和年龄大小确定了插入深度和药物剂型等具体指标,充分强调个体生理差异。在实践操作方面,藏医学实施该疗法遵循油疗法、布塞阻流法、药浊剔去法、药物剂量调控、操作与饮食禁忌等过程。西医学强调治疗前后的消毒和病情观察,二者侧重点明显不同。在临床疗效方面,藏医灌肠疗法能治疗陈旧性疫疠、精液枯竭、睾丸肿胀、子宫病变以及不孕症等多种疾病,彰显了藏医学灌肠疗法在适应症方面的广泛性。Enema is a cathartic method in which drugs are injected from the anus of a human or animal to achieve therapeutic effects. The chapters called ‘jam rtsi and ni ru ha from The Four Medical Tantras and Yuewang Medicine Diagnosis of Tibetan classics had been clearly pointed out enema drugs, specific therapies and indications. This study systematically compares enema therapy in Tibetan medicine and modern medicine, exploring the similarities and differences between the two medical systems in terms of history, drugs, instruments, application methods, and indications. It concludes that while there are certain similarities, the fundamentally different theoretical frameworks of the two systems result in significant differences in their application methods. In modern medicine, the origins of enema therapy can be traced back to ancient Egyptian civilization. However, in the Tibetan medical system, the earliest recorded mention of enema therapy is found in Yuewang Medicine Diagnosis, and it is also hypothesized that the enema techniques may be referenced in the purgative methods of the ‘zhang zhung ’ school. Despite this, the developmental trajectory of enema therapy in modern medicine appears more extensive and long-standing. The differences between the two schools of drugs are not only limited to the differences in their nature, form and classification, with deeper distinctions rooted in the drug action mechanisms closely tied to their respective therapeutic theories. In contrast, Tibetan medical texts only reference a single enema instrument known as gce’u which poses a risk of trauma in practical use.

关 键 词：藏医学 西医学 灌肠疗法 比较研究 

分 类 号：R29[医药卫生—民族医学]