长江流域重庆段浮游生物群落结构及多样性现状  

Phytoplankton Community Structure and Biodiversity in the Chongqing Section of the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：张玉凤 李清华 周鑫鑫 张家铭 沈彦君 ZHANG Yufeng;LI Qinghua;ZHOU Xinxin;ZHANG Jiaming;SHEN Yanjun(Laboratory of Water Ecological Health and Environmental Safety,School of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院、水生态健康与环境安全实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期86-102,共17页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.32202939);重庆市水产科技创新联盟重点创新攻关项目(No.CQFTIU-20220101);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0793)。

摘　　要：为研究长江流域重庆段(后简称重庆段)浮游生物群落结构特征、多样性及区域内水质现状,评估区域内水生态健康状态,于2022年5—6月在重庆段设置了14个采样断面,对各采样断面的浮游生物进行了调查和分析,并运用浮游生物多样性指数评估水质污染程度。结果显示:1)共鉴定出8门63属132种浮游植物,其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)物种数最多,密度和生物量也较大;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的物种数也较多;浮游植物多样性指数对应的水质污染程度为从清洁至轻度污染。2)共鉴定出5门31属56种浮游动物,其中轮虫类(Rotifer)物种数最多,占浮游动物总物种数的50%;枝角类(Cladocerans)和桡足类(Copepods)的密度和生物量较高;浮游动物多样性指数对应的水质污染程度为从轻度污染至中度污染。研究结果提示:重庆段的浮游植物以硅藻门为主,浮游动物以轮虫类、枝角类和桡足类为主;与浮游动物相比,浮游植物种类更为丰富;重庆段的整体水质状况为从清洁到中度污染,段内水生态环境治理与保护工作需要得到加强和重视。In order to study the characteristics of plankton community structure,diversity and water quality status in the Chongqing Section of the Yangtze River Basin(hereafter referred to as the Chongqing Section),and to assess the health status of water ecology in the region,14 sampling transects were set up in the Chongqing Section from May to June 2022,and the plankton in each sampling transect was surveyed and analyzed,and the plankton diversity index was applied to assess the water quality pollution.The degree of water pollution was assessed using the plankton diversity index.The results showed that:1)A total of 132 species of phytoplankton from 63 genera in 8 phyla were identified,among which the diatom phylum(Bacillariophyta)had the highest number of species,and its density and biomass were also large;the number of species of the green alga phylum(Chlorophyta)and cyanobacteria phylum(Cyanophyta)was also high;and the phytoplankton diversity indices corresponded to the degree of water pollution ranging from clean to mildly polluted.The phytoplankton diversity index corresponded to water pollution levels ranging from clean to mild.2)A total of 56 species of zooplankton from 5 phylums and 31 genera were identified,among which Rotifer had the highest number of species,accounting for 50%of the total number of zooplankton species;Cladocerans and Copepods had high densities and high biomasses;and the zooplankton diversity index corresponded to the degree of water pollution ranging from mild to moderate pollution.The results suggest that the phytoplankton in the Chongqing Section is dominated by diatoms,and the zooplankton is dominated by Rotifers,Cladocerans and Copepods;the phytoplankton is more abundant than the zooplankton;the overall water quality in the Chongqing Section ranges from clean to moderately polluted,and the management and protection of the water ecosystems in the section need to be strengthened and emphasized.

关 键 词：浮游生物 生物多样性 长江流域 三峡库区 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]